具有波浪形桨尖构造的无人机旋翼降噪研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (22) : 135-145.

论文

具有波浪形桨尖构造的无人机旋翼降噪研究

张小正*，王雅洁，李家柱，毕传兴，徐滢

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Noise reduction of the unmanned aerial vehicle rotor with wavy tip structure

ZHANG Xiaozheng*，WANG Yajie，LI Jiazhu，BI Chuanxing，XU Ying

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摘要

旋翼作为无人机噪声的重要来源，降低其气动噪声对于提高公众对无人机的接受度具有重要意义。鉴此，提出一种具有波浪形桨尖构造的旋翼设计方案，该方案仅在旋翼桨尖处以特定波浪线型为导线进行放样设计，同时耦合波浪形前缘、波浪形尾缘和波浪表面结构三种特征，该方案可在降低噪声的同时，最大程度保留旋翼气动性能。随后通过CFD仿真以及实验研究分析波浪形桨尖构造对旋翼气动性能以及气动噪声的影响，揭示其降噪机理，并开展波浪形桨尖参数优化设计。仿真和实验结果表明，具有波浪形桨尖构造的旋翼仍然具有较好的气动性能；在声学性能方面，波浪形桨尖构造降低了旋翼中高频范围内的宽带噪声，其中波形参数N=8的旋翼降噪效果最好，并在旋翼下洗流附近降噪显著，总声压级较Base旋翼下降1.5~4 dB。

Abstract

As an important source of unmanned aerial vehicle noise, reducing the aerodynamic noise of rotor is of great significance to improve public's acceptance of unmanned aerial vehicle. In view of this, a rotor design scheme with wavy-shaped blade tip structure was proposed. This scheme only used a specific wave line type as the wire for lofting design at the blade tip of the rotor. At the same time, the three characteristics of wavy-shaped leading edge, wavy-shaped trailing edge and wavy surface structure were coupled. This scheme can reduce the noise and retain the aerodynamic performance to the greatest extent. Then, the influence of wavy blade tip structure on rotor aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic noise were analyzed with computational fluid dynamics simulation and experimental research. The noise reduction mechanism was revealed, and the parameter optimization design of wavy tip was carried out. The simulation and experimental results showed that the rotor with wavy tip structure still has good aerodynamic performance. In terms of acoustic performance, the wavy blade tip structure reduced the broadband noise in the middle and high frequency ranges of the rotor. The rotor with waveform parameter N=8 has the best noise reduction effect, and the noise reduction was significant near the downwash flow of the rotor. The total sound pressure level was 1.5~4 dB lower than that of the Base rotor.

Key words

unmanned aerial vehicle rotor / noise reduction design / aerodynamic performance / aerodynamic noise / computational fluid dynamics simulation

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张小正, 王雅洁, 李家柱, 毕传兴, 徐滢. 具有波浪形桨尖构造的无人机旋翼降噪研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(22): 135-145

ZHANG Xiaozheng, WANG Yajie, LI Jiazhu, BI Chuanxing, XU Ying. Noise reduction of the unmanned aerial vehicle rotor with wavy tip structure[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(22): 135-145

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