板式橡胶支座广泛应用于我国量大面广的中小跨径公路梁桥中，由于其放置形式而受到钢及混凝土界面的约束作用，加之其构造特点进而易于在不同摩擦界面发生非常规的滑动行为。为此，基于钢板+混凝土板、钢板及混凝土板三类摩擦界面，设定不同的竖向压应力及加载速率两类滑动条件，通过支座拟静力加载以对比分析其变形状态及滞回行为，系统探讨不同摩擦界面的支座滑动、刚度、摩擦、耗能及恢复力特性。结果表明：板式橡胶支座变形现象为剪切变形、翘曲卷边和滑动，滞回环由狭长梭形逐渐变为双线性；不同摩擦界面及不同滑动条件在相同加载ESS条件下的变形阶段及变形状态相异；橡胶的黏结效应使之与摩擦界面间产生附着摩擦作用，导致支座在滑动过程中出现力学性能的变化，恢复力模型可取为三折线；由于附着摩擦作用的差异，钢板+混凝土板及钢板的界面摩擦系数与滑动速率呈正相关，与压应力呈负相关，而混凝土板的界面摩擦特性不稳定，对应摩擦系数与两类滑动条件皆呈负相关趋势；总体而言，钢板+混凝土板的界面摩擦系数较小，相应支座滑动力较小，剪切刚度较小，呈现为滑动位移较大，耗能充分，其次分别为钢板和混凝土板。
Abstract
Laminated-rubber bearings are widely used in small-to-medium-span highway bridges with large quantities and wide areas in China. Due to the placement form, they are constrained by the steel and concrete interfaces, and they are prone to unconventionally sliding at different friction interfaces by their structural characteristics. Therefore, based on three types of friction interfaces: steel plate & concrete slab, steel plate and concrete slab, the variation about two types of sliding conditions for vertical compressive stress and loading rate are set. The deformation state and hysteresis behavior are compared and analyzed through quasi-static loading, and the sliding, stiffness, friction, energy consumption, and restoring force characteristics of the bearing at different friction interfaces are systematically explored. The results show that the deformation phenomena of laminated-rubber bearing is shear deformation, warping, curling, and sliding, and the hysteresis loop gradually changes from a narrow shuttle shape to a bilinear shape. The deformation stages and states of the bearing for different friction interfaces and sliding conditions under the same loading ESS conditions are different. The adhesion friction between rubber and friction interface is due to the adhesive effect of rubber, resulting in changes in the mechanical properties of the bearing during sliding, and the restoring force model can be taken as a trilinear. Due to the difference in adhesive friction, the interface friction coefficient of steel plate & concrete slab and steel plate is positively correlated with sliding rate and negatively correlated with compressive stress. However, the interface friction characteristics of concrete slab are unstable, and the corresponding friction coefficient shows a negative correlation trend with both types of sliding conditions. Overall, the interface friction coefficient of the bearing between steel plate & concrete slab is relatively small, resulting in smaller sliding force and shear stiffness, and the sliding displacement is large and energy consumption is sufficient, followed by steel plate and concrete slab, respectively.
关键词
摩擦界面 /
板式橡胶支座 /
摩擦滑动 /
力学特性 /
附着摩擦
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Key words
friction interface /
laminated-rubber bearing /
friction sliding /
mechanical properties /
adhesion friction
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