振荡浮子式波浪能装置的浮子是其获取波浪能的核心机构，浮子运动行程的大小对装置的能量转换性能具有重要影响。由于行程的限制，在实海况运行中往往会与行程限位机构发生碰撞，从而造成能量损失，甚至导致装置损坏，因此需要安装带减振的限位机构以起到缓冲作用，同时通过调节减振机构的参数以减少因与限位机构碰撞而造成的能量损耗。本文针对一种带限位机构的振荡浮子式波浪能装置振动特性问题，建立了带限位机构的波浪能转换振动系统数学模型，并提出一种在数值模拟中避免因弹簧刚度发生阶跃变化产生巨大势能误差的时域方法，在此基础上研究了动力输出(Power Take Off，PTO)系统参数、质量、行程、限位机构参数对装置振动特性的影响，获得了限位机构的阶跃弹簧和阻尼系数对碰撞状态下波浪能装置能量损耗的影响规律，提出了限位机构的参数优化设计方法。该结果对振荡浮子式波浪能装置的进一步工程化研究具有一定的指导意义。
Abstract
The float of the oscillating-buoy wave energy converter is the core mechanism to obtain wave energy, while the size of the float's motion stroke has an important influence on the energy conversion performance of the converter. Due to limitation of the stroke, in the real sea condition operation often collide with the stroke limiting mechanism, which causes energy loss and even leads to damage of the converter, so it is necessary to install the limiting mechanism with vibration damping in order to provide a buffer, and at the same time, through the adjustment of the parameter of the damping mechanism in order to reduce the energy loss due to the collision with the limiting mechanism. This paper targets the problem of vibration characteristics of the oscillating-buoy wave energy converter with a limiting mechanism, a mathematical model of energy conversion with an end-stop system has been established, for which a time domain method to avoid the huge potential energy error due to the step change of the spring stiffness in numerical simulation has been proposed. On this basis, the effects of Power Take Off (PTO) system parameters, mass, stroke, and end-stop system parameters on the energy capture width ratio of the convertor were investigated, a parameter optimization design method for the limit mechanism is proposed. The results are instructive for further engineering studies of oscillating-buoy wave energy converter.
关键词
波浪能转化 /
限位机构 /
势能误差 /
最优参数
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Key words
wave energy conversion /
end-stop system /
potential energy error /
optimal parameters
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