GJ-III型扣件轨道作为地铁线路一种中等减振轨道，服役后出现钢轨短波长波磨，导致高频轮轨振动噪声问题。为探明该轨道的动力特性，利用ABAQUS软件建立减振扣件轨道的三维有限元模型。为减小有限长轨道边界反射波影响并同时保证计算效率，采用多尺度建模技术将轨道简化为梁-壳-实体模型。利用该模型探究了轮轨耦合作用下的轨道垂向动力特性，分析了扣件垂向刚度和阻尼对轨道垂向频响特性的影响。结果表明：（1）将50 m实体轨道模型简化为12.5 m实体和37.5 m梁-壳模型，可节约65.3%的计算时间，同时仿真与现场测试结果基本一致。（2）钢轨垂向一阶弯曲和pinned-pinned共振模态在轨道垂向位移导纳上表征明显，其频带分别为100~150 Hz和1022~1101 Hz。（3）减振扣件轨道在100 Hz以下振动响应表现为钢轨和道床板的整体弯曲和扭转振动；车辆静载集中力引起的钢轨预应力会诱发400~800 Hz轮对间轨道垂向频响峰值。（4）考虑柔性轮对作用后，轨道垂向位移导纳在分别在43 Hz、381 Hz和641 Hz处出现新的明显峰值，分别对应于轮轨耦合的P2共振模态、轮对间钢轨垂向二、三阶弯曲模态。柔性车轮在180 Hz、341 Hz和504 Hz处的振动模态也会引起钢轨垂向导纳出现新峰值。轮对质量效应对减振扣件轨道50~250 Hz内垂向振动有抑制作用，钢轨不易萌生该频段波磨。（5）钢轨垂向一阶弯曲、P2共振和轮对间钢轨垂向弯曲频率均随扣件垂向刚度增加而增加，扣件垂向阻尼仅对轨道导纳波动幅值有抑制作用。
Abstract
Double-layer non-linear resilient fasteners are used as a medium vibration damping track on metro lines in China. However, short-pitch rail corrugation on the track has occurred on the track after the vehicle operation, resulting in severe high-frequency wheel-rail vibration and noise. A finite element model for the track with the resilient fasteners was established using ABAQUS to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the track. In order to achieve a balance between computational efficiency and mitigation of the model’s boundary reflection, the track model was simplified to a beam-shell-solid model using a multi-scale finite modelling technology. The influence of wheel-rail coupling, vertical stiffness and damping of the fasteners on the vertical dynamic characteristics of the track was investigated. The results indicated that (1) the simplified model integrating a 12.5 m solid element with a 37.5 m beam-shell element can reduce the computation time by 65.3%, while the simulation results were essentially consistent with the field test. (2) The rail first-order vertical bending and the pinned-pinned resonance modes were clearly seen in the rail vertical impedance in the frequency bands of 100~150 Hz and 1022~1101 Hz, respectively. (3) The vibration modes of the track below 100 Hz represented the bending and torsion of the whole track. The pre-stress of the track caused by the vehicle static load leaded to wave reflections of the rail between the two wheelsets in the frequency bands of 400~800 Hz. (4) Considering the flexible wheel-rail interaction, the vertical impedance of the track exhibited distinct peaks at 43 Hz, 381 Hz, and 641 Hz, which were attributed to the P2 resonance and the second and third bending of the rail within the bogie wheelbase. In addition, the flexibility of wheel induced new fluctuations in rail the vertical impedance at 180 Hz, 341 Hz, and 504 Hz. The mass effect of the wheelsets significantly suppressed the impedance at the frequencies of 75 to 250 Hz. (5) The frequencies of rail vertical first-order bending, wheel-rail P2 resonance and rail bending within the bogie wheelbase increased with increasing the fastener stiffness. The fastener vertical damping had only a suppressing effect on the amplitude of the rail resonances.
关键词
地铁 /
双层非线性减振扣件 /
多尺度有限元建模 /
轨道动态特征 /
轮轨耦合
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
metro /
double-layer non-linear resilient fasteners /
multi-scale finite element modeling /
dynamic characteristic of track /
wheel-rail interaction
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 周志军, 李伟, 温泽峰, 等. 采用GJ-Ⅲ型扣件地铁轨道的钢轨波磨形成机理[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2022, 43(3): 37-49.
ZHOU Zhijun, LI Wei, WEN Zefeng, et al. Formation Mechanism of Rail Corrugation on Metro Track with GJ-III Fastener[J]. China Railway Science， 2022， 43（3）： 37-49.
[2] LI S, LI Z, NÚÑEZ A, et al. New Insights into the Short Pitch Corrugation Enigma Based on 3D-FE Coupled Dynamic Vehicle-Track Modeling of Frictional Rolling Contact[J]. Applied Sciences, 2017, 7(8): 807.
[3] GRASSIE S L, KALOUSEK J. Rail Corrugation: Characteristics, Causes and Treatments[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 1993, 207(1): 57-68.
[4] GRASSIE S L. Rail corrugation: A problem solved?[J]. Wear, 2023, 530-531: 205005.
[5] 李伟, 杜星, 王衡禹, 等. 地铁钢轨一种波磨机理的调查分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2013, 49(16): 26-32.
LI Wei, DU Xing, WANG Hengyu, et al. Investigation into the mechanism of type of rail corrugation of metro[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(16): 26-32.
[6] 崔晓璐, 钱韦吉, 张青, 等. 直线线路科隆蛋扣件地段钢轨波磨成因的理论研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(13): 114-118, 152.
CUI Xiaolu, QIAN Weiji, ZHANG Qing, et al. Forming mechanism of rail corrugation of a straight track section supported by Cologne-egg fasteners [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(13): 114-118, 152.
[7] WU T X. Effects on short pitch rail corrugation growth of a rail vibration absorber/damper[J]. Wear, 2011, 271(1-2): 339-348.
[8] MA C, GAO L, XIN T, et al. The dynamic resonance under multiple flexible wheelset-rail interactions and its influence on rail corrugation for high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 498: 115968.
[9] REN D, TAO G, LI W, et al. Short-pitch corrugation formation on resilient fastener metro tracks explained using rail-bending vibrations within the bogie wheelbase[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2023: 09544097231182748.
[10] 姚学东, 李伟, 周志军, 等. 柔性轮对作用下浮轨式扣件轨道动力特性分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(24): 42-50.
YAO Xuedong, LI Wei, ZHOU Zhijun, et al. Research on formation mechanism of short-pitch rail corrugation on metro tangent tracks with floating fasteners under action of flexible wheelsets[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(24): 42-50.
[11] PANG T, DHANASEKAR M. Dynamic finite element analysis of the wheel-rail interaction adjacent to the insulated rail joints[C]. // Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Wheel/Rail Systems (CM2006), Brisbane, Australia, September 24-26, 2006.
[12] 陆新征, 林旭川, 叶列平. 多尺度有限元建模方法及其应用[J]. 华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2008(4): 76-80.
LU Xinzheng, LIN Xuchuan, YE Lieping. Multiscale finite element modeling and its application in structural analysis[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition) , 2008(4): 76-80.
[13] 王兆毅, 王宪杰, 张帆, 等. 基于多尺度模型的单层网壳非线性屈曲分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(15): 6219-6227.
WANG Zhaoyi, WANG Xianjie, ZHANG Fan, et al. Nonlinear buckling analysis of single-layer reticulated shell based on multi-scale model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(15): 6219-6227.
[14] 李伟. 地铁钢轨波磨成因及其对车辆/轨道行为的影响研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2015.
LI Wei. Study on root cause of metro rail corrugation and its influence on behavior of vehicle-track system [D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2015.
[15] 周佐斌, 吴兴文, 池茂儒. 地铁车辆轮轨耦合振动特性研究[J]. 机车电传动, 2022(2): 163-170.
ZHOU Zuobin, WU Xingwen, CHI Maoru. Research on wheel/rail coupled vibration of metro cars[J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives, 2022(2): 163-170.
[16] MAN A P D. Dynatrack: A survey of dynamic railway track properties and their quality[D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2002
[17] 关庆华, 周业明, 李伟, 等. 车辆轨道系统的P2共振频率研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(8): 118-127.
GUAN Qinghua, ZHOU Yeming, LI Wei, et al. Study on the P2 resonance frequency of vehicle track system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(8): 118-127.
[18] 傅志方, 华宏兴. 模态分析理论与应用[M]. 上海交通大学出版社, 2000.
FU Zhifang, HUA Hongxing. Theory and applications of modal analysis[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Co., Ltd, 2000.
[19] 王欣欣. 求解对称矩阵特征值问题的Lanczos算法的改进及分析[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学, 2008.
WANG Xinxin. An Improvement and Analysis of the Lanczos algorithm for symmetric matrices eigenproblem[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2008.
[20] LANCZOS C. An iteration method for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of linear differential and integral operators[J]. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 1950, 45(4): 255.
[21] Abaqus User Guide, Version 6.14[M]. Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp, 2012.
[22] OREGUI M, MOLODOVA M, NÚÑEZ A, et al. Experimental Investigation Into the Condition of Insulated Rail Joints by Impact Excitation[J]. Experimental Mechanics, 2015, 55(9): 1597-1612.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(4230 KB)
