锯片-冲击锤组合刀头联合破岩特性研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (24) : 301-311.

论文

锯片-冲击锤组合刀头联合破岩特性研究

刘增辉1,2，孔春艳1,2，吕瑞1,2，马正阔1,2，魏长赟1,2

作者信息 +

Characteristics of rock breaking by a saw blade-impact hammer combination cutterhead

LIU Zenghui1,2, KONG Chunyan1,2, L Rui1,2, MA Zhengkuo1,2, WEI Changyun1,2

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摘要

多功能疏浚船是一种内河疏浚作业的重要船舶，为提高其破碎单轴抗压强度大于20 MPa水下岩石能力，设计了锯片-冲击锤组合刀头，并针对冲击头直径D = 25 mm、切槽深度h = 40 mm、切槽宽度w = 4 mm，自由面距离l1 = 30 mm等主要参数开展了研究。首先进行了自由面条件下单冲击头（质量和高度）和双冲击头（间距）的破岩特性（冲击力、比能耗及裂纹长度）试验研究。随后开展了冲击头破岩数值模拟研究，对其机理进行阐释。结果表明：当岩石没有切槽自由面时，冲击头破岩形式以压缩破坏为主，破坏形态为破碎坑；当岩石存在自由面时，冲击头破岩形式以拉伸破坏为主，裂纹更易扩展，形成X形主裂纹，产生大块碎石。在单冲击头破岩实验中，存在最优冲击能250 J，首次冲击即可形成有效岩石破坏；在双冲击头破岩实验中，存在最佳间距170 mm，使得裂纹贯通时比能耗最小。

Abstract

Multifunctional dredger is an important vessel for inland river dredging. In order to improve its ability to break underwater rocks with uniaxial compressive strength greater than 20 MPa. a saw blade-impact hammer combination cutterhead was designed. The main parameters such as impact head diameter D = 25 mm, notch depth h = 40 mm, notch width w = 4 mm, and free face distance l1 = 30 mm were investigated. Firstly, the experimental investigation of rock breaking characteristics (impact force, specific energy consumption ,and crack length) of single impact head (mass and height) and double impact head (spacing) under free face conditions was carried out. Subsequently, numerical simulations of impact head rock breaking were carried out to elucidate the mechanism. The results show that when the rock has no slotted free face, the form of rock breaking is dominated by compression failure, which is manifested as crater; when the rock has the free face, the form of rock breaking is dominated by tensile failure, and the cracks are more likely to propagate, forming X-shaped main cracks and generating large rock chunks. In the single impact head rock breaking experiments, there exists an optimal impact energy of 250 J, which forms effective rock breaking after the first impact. In dual impact head rock breaking experiments, there exists an optimal spacing of 170 mm, which minimizes the specific energy consumption for cracks penetration.

导出引用

刘增辉1, 2, 孔春艳1, 2, 吕瑞1, 2, 马正阔1, 2, 魏长赟1, 2. 锯片-冲击锤组合刀头联合破岩特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(24): 301-311

LIU Zenghui1, 2, KONG Chunyan1, 2, L Rui1, 2, MA Zhengkuo1, 2, WEI Changyun1, 2. Characteristics of rock breaking by a saw blade-impact hammer combination cutterhead[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(24): 301-311

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