基于座椅旋转策略的自动驾驶汽车侧面碰撞乘员损伤研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (24) : 312-322.

论文

基于座椅旋转策略的自动驾驶汽车侧面碰撞乘员损伤研究

武和全1,2，王海涛1，胡林1

作者信息 +

A study on occupant injury protection of autonomous vehicle in side impact based on a seat rotation strategy

WU Hequan1,2, WANG Haitao1, HU Lin1

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

在自动驾驶中，乘员座椅角度可以自由调节，车内空间更加宽敞，为了提高不同座椅靠背角度乘员侧面碰撞安全性，提出先将乘员座椅朝向旋转至与碰撞方向呈180°后碰撞的策略，探讨在不同座椅靠背角度下乘员在旋转后碰撞的损伤情况，讨论该策略的适用性。通过仿真试验探讨了不同碰撞场景下座椅靠背角度、碰撞时刻延迟等因素对乘员运动学响应和损伤风险的影响。研究结果显示，在侧面碰撞仿真试验中，座椅靠背角度为100°和120°的乘员上半身存在身体和其他乘员或汽车部件二次碰撞接触风险。在不同靠背角度座椅旋转后碰撞策略中，通过调整碰撞时刻延迟时间能够有效减少乘员头部的偏移和损伤风险。通过模拟座椅在200ms内旋转90°后碰撞的试验，发现该策略并未给乘员造成额外损伤，乘员内脏应变均未超过损伤阈值，并在不同靠背角度下呈现相对较低的综合损伤风险。座椅靠背角度的差异对乘员运动响应产生显著影响。先旋转至180°座椅朝向后再碰撞的策略能够有效降低乘员在侧面碰撞时的横向偏移，减少与其他乘员或车内其他部件接触的损伤风险，提高自动驾驶汽车侧面碰撞安全性。

Abstract

In autonomous driving, the angle of the passenger seat can be freely adjusted, making the interior space more spacious. In order to improve the safety of passengers in side collisions with different seat back angles, a strategy is proposed to first rotate the passenger seat to a 180 ° angle with the collision direction before colliding. The damage situation of passengers in collisions after rotation under different seat back angles is explored, and the applicability of this strategy is discussed. The influence of factors such as seat back angle and collision time delay on passenger kinematic response and injury risk in different collision scenarios was explored through simulation experiments. The research results show that in side impact simulation tests, there is a risk of secondary collision contact between the upper body of passengers with seat back angles of 100 ° and 120 ° and other passengers or car components. In collision strategies with rotating seats at different backrest angles, adjusting the collision delay time can effectively reduce the risk of head displacement and injury for passengers. Through simulating the collision of the seat after rotating 90 ° within 200ms, it was found that this strategy did not cause additional damage to the occupants, and the strain of the occupants' viscera did not exceed the damage threshold. It also showed a relatively low comprehensive damage risk at different backrest angles. The difference in seat backrest angle has a significant impact on passenger motion response. The strategy of turning the seat to 180 ° first and then crashing can effectively reduce the lateral deviation of the passengers in side impact, reduce the risk of injury in contact with other passengers or other parts in the vehicle, and improve the safety of side impact of autonomous vehicle.

导出引用

武和全1, 2, 王海涛1, 胡林1. 基于座椅旋转策略的自动驾驶汽车侧面碰撞乘员损伤研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(24): 312-322

WU Hequan1, 2, WANG Haitao1, HU Lin1. A study on occupant injury protection of autonomous vehicle in side impact based on a seat rotation strategy[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(24): 312-322

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