基于声电类比的低频消音结构优化设计

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振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3) : 201-208.

论文

基于声电类比的低频消音结构优化设计

李奇1，王晓明1，梅玉林2

作者信息 +

Optimization design of low-frequency silencing structure based on acoustic-electric analogy

LI Qi1, WANG Xiaoming1, MEI Yulin2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

基于声电类比，设计了与电滤波器性能相似的低频消音结构，并结合传递矩阵法和模拟退火法，构造了声学结构的优化设计策略。首先，采用归一化方法，以四阶切比雪夫高通电滤波器为基准，设计了电学带阻滤波器；然后，基于声电类比，将电路中的电感电容转换为声学结构中的细管和圆柱腔，构造了消音结构原型，并利用传递矩阵法，建立其数学模型，推导声波传递损失表达式；最后，结合声学结构的数学模型和模拟退火法，以有效衰减带宽最大为目标，以消音结构的尺寸参数为变量，对原型结构进行优化设计。结果表明：基于声电类比，能获得合理的消音结构原型，克服了仅依靠经典消音结构进行设计的局限；结合推导的传递损失数学模型和模拟退火法，对消音结构原型进行参数优化，能显著提高其消音效果，表现在传递损失超过20dB的带宽拓宽至410Hz-2165Hz，是优化前带宽的202%，特别是优化后的结构克服了原型结构在466Hz-537Hz频率范围内不能实现有效消音的缺陷，获得了连续的大跨度有效带宽，且传递损失曲线平均增幅达22.8%。

Abstract

A low-frequency acoustic structure is designed by means of electric-acoustic analogy, and an optimization strategy of the acoustic structure is constructed by combining transfer matrix method and simulated annealing method. First, a band-stop electric filter is designed based on the fourth-order Chebyshev high-pass filter through adopting the normalization method. Second, according to the acoustic-electric analogy, a silencing structure is obtained by respectively substituting a tubule and a cylindrical cavity for the inductance and capacitance in the circuit. And then, the mathematical model of the silencing structure is established by using the transfer matrix method, and an expression calculating transfer losses of the silencing structure is derived. Finally, based on the mathematical model, an optimization strategy is proposed by using simulated annealing method, and is implemented to optimize structure parameters of the silencing structure. The results show that, it is feasible to use the circuit of electrical filter to guide the structural design of silencing structure; the silencing structure’s mathematical model established by transfer matrix method can accurately describe the state of sound wave propagating in the silencing structure; compared with the initial acoustic structure, the optimized silencing structure has better filtering effects, including a wider attenuation band with transmission losses above 20dB, covering 410Hz-2165Hz and extending by 202% , and an obvious increase of transmission losses.

导出引用

李奇1，王晓明1，梅玉林2. 基于声电类比的低频消音结构优化设计[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(3): 201-208

LI Qi1, WANG Xiaoming1, MEI Yulin2. Optimization design of low-frequency silencing structure based on acoustic-electric analogy[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(3): 201-208

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