砌体填充墙作为非结构构件在建筑结构抗爆分析中常被忽略，而实际爆炸事故中填充墙多发生严重破坏，从而影响爆炸波的传播及其与结构的相互作用，以及结构的损伤破坏等级。基于精细化数值仿真方法评估外部爆炸作用下砌体填充墙对钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete ，RC）框架结构损伤破坏的影响。首先，采用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件分别对典型砌体填充墙和含填充墙RC框架的近区爆炸试验进行复现，验证所采用的填充墙简化微观建模方法、材料本构模型和参数，以及任意拉格朗日欧拉（ALE）爆炸荷载施加方法和爆炸波-结构流固耦合（FSI）算法的适用性。进一步结合结构混合单元建模方法，开展了美国联邦应急管理署规定的普通轿车炸弹（454kgTNT当量）在底层边柱位置爆炸下，6、7和8度抗震设防烈度的典型6层纯框架和含填充墙框架结构动力行为的数值仿真分析，考察了爆炸波传播路径，以及结构的动态响应、损伤破坏和抗倒塌机制。结果表明：本文工况中填充墙能够有效阻挡爆炸波的传播，作用于目标柱相邻内柱上的超压峰值降低95%，减轻了内部构件的损伤程度。但同时加剧了结构迎爆面的损伤破坏，如三种抗震设防烈度的含填充墙框架目标柱柱中侧向位移较纯框架分别增加21.4%、31.1%和14.8%；不同抗震设防烈度的纯框架和含填充墙框架的顶层目标柱竖向位移基本相同，即抗震设防烈度及砌体填充墙对框架结构整体倒塌行为的影响可以忽略。
Abstract
As non-structural members, masonry infill walls are often neglected in the blast-resistant analysis of structures. However, serious damage occurs to masonry infill walls in explosion accidents, which affects the propagation of blast wave, its interaction with structures and the degree of damage to the structure. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of masonry infill walls on damage and failure of RC frame structure under external blast loadings based on refined numerical simulation approach. Firstly, the finite element software LS-DYNA is used to reproduce the near-range explosion tests of typical masonry infill walls and masonry-infilled RC frame, which verifies the applicability of the simplified micro-modelling approach, material models and parameters, as well as the blast loading applied approach based on Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) algorithm. Furthermore, combined with the structural hybrid element modelling approach, the numerical simulation was carried out on the dynamic behavior of the typical 6-story bare and masonry-infilled RC frame structure with 6-, 7- and 8-degrees seismic precautionary intensities under the explosion of sedan bomb (454kg equivalent TNT specified by Federal Emergency Management Agency) at the bottom edge column. The propagation of blast wave, as well as dynamic response, damage pattern and collapse-resistance mechanism of the structures were examined. It derives that: the masonry infill walls can effectively block the inward propagation of blast wave and reduce the peak overpressure on the adjacent internal column by 95%, and thus relieve the damage degree of the internal structural members. However, the structural damage at the head-on blast face is aggravated, e.g., compared with bare frame, the horizontal displacements of target column in masonry-infilled RC frame with three seismic precautionary intensities increase by 21.4%, 31.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The vertical displacement of target column at top floor in the bare and masonry-infilled RC frame with different seismic precautionary intensity is basically same. Therefore, the effects of seismic design and masonry infill walls on the overall collapse behavior of structures can be ignored under the external explosion of sedan bomb.
关键词
爆炸荷载 /
砌体填充墙 /
RC框架 /
数值模拟 /
抗震设计
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Key words
blast loadings /
masonry infill walls /
RC frame /
numerical simulation /
seismic design
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