在双幅式桥梁的建设中，公路与铁路同层并排布置的大跨双幅非对称主梁属于较特殊的设计。由于公路桥与铁路桥的动力特性不一致、主梁尾流特性差异较大以及非对称双梁间存在特殊且显著的气动干扰，使得非对称双幅主梁的涡激振动特性更为复杂。为系统探究干扰效应对主梁涡振性能的影响，本研究以一座大跨度公铁两用双幅桥为研究背景，开展了双幅主梁涡激振动风洞试验与流固耦合数值模拟，其中公路梁为Π型叠合梁，铁路梁为流线型箱梁。研究结果表明：（1）公路梁位于迎风侧时出现了较大幅值的竖弯和扭转振动，且风速区间与结构振动频率具有典型涡振“锁定”特征，而位于背风侧时振动现象基本消失。（2）铁路梁位于迎风侧时未见明显振动现象，而位于背风侧时，试验观察到了大幅振动，且振幅具有迅速上升又迅速下落的特点，无明显“锁定”区间。（3）数值流场表明，公路位于不同位置处（迎背风侧）时，主梁附近涡结构的尺度与分布均有明显不同。位于迎风侧时下桥面腔内大尺度漩涡的存在以及涡结构的周期性变化是位于迎风侧时产生涡振的主要原因；位于背风侧时，受干扰效应影响，下桥面腔内漩涡尺度减小，升力振荡频率改变，涡振锁定现象消失。（4）铁路附近流场及压力分布表明，铁路位于迎风侧时，主梁附近流场稳定，自激升力近似为直流力；位于背风侧时受公路尾流的干扰，铁路表面存在较大面积的负压区，公路尾流的脉动导致了铁路气动升力的振荡，因而产生了大幅振动。本文系统研究了双幅非对称平行主梁间气动干扰效应对涡振性能的影响，揭示了涡振及气动干扰机理，为类似桥梁的工程设计提供了参考依据。
Abstract
During the construction of twin decks, the long-span asymmetrical twin parallel decks represent a unique design, where both the highway and railway are arranged side by side at the same elevation. Due to the disparate dynamic characteristics of the highway bridge and the railway bridge, the considerable variation in wake characteristics of the decks, as well as the pronounced and consequential aerodynamic interference between the asymmetrical twin decks, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) characteristics of the asymmetric twin decks become considerably more intricate. To comprehensively investigate the impact of interference effects on the VIV behavior of decks, a series of wind tunnel tests and fluid-structure interaction numerical simulations were conducted on twin decks. These experiments and simulations were conducted in the context of a long-span asymmetrical twin separated parallel deck configuration, where the highway deck was designed as a Π-type superimposed deck and the railway deck was a streamlined box deck. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The Π-type highway deck exhibited significant vertical bending and torsional vibrations when exposed to the windward side, showing typical VIV "lock-in" characteristics between the wind speed range and the structural vibration frequencies. However, these vibrations diminished when the deck was on the leeward side. (2) The streamlined railway deck showed no significant vibrations when positioned on the windward side, but substantial vibrations were observed on the leeward side, with amplitudes rapidly rising and falling, without a distinct "lock-in" range. (3) The numerical flow field indicates that the scale and distribution of vortical structures near the deck vary significantly when the highway is located at different positions (windward and leeward sides). The presence of large-scale vortices in the cavity below the bridge deck and the periodic variation of vortical structures are the main reasons for vortex-induced vibration on the windward side. On the leeward side, influenced by the disturbance effect, the scale of vortices in the cavity below the bridge deck decreases, the oscillation frequency of lift changes, and the phenomenon of vortex-induced vibration lock-in disappears. (4) Flow fields and pressure distributions near the railway revealed stable flow patterns when positioned on the windward side, with self-excited lift forces approximating steady forces. However, when positioned on the leeward side, the railway surface experienced a larger negative pressure area due to the interference of the highway wake, leading to significant vibrations caused by the pulsation of the highway wake and resulting in oscillations of the railway's aerodynamic lift. This study systematically investigated the aerodynamic interference effects between asymmetrical twin parallel main girders and their impact on VIV performance. The underlying VIV and aerodynamic interference mechanisms were revealed, providing valuable insights for the engineering design of similar bridges.
关键词
桥梁工程 /
非对称双幅主梁 /
气动干扰 /
涡激振动 /
风洞试验 /
数值模拟
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Key words
bridge engineering /
asymmetrical twin decks /
aerodynamic interference /
vortex-induced vibration (VIV) /
wind tunnel test /
numerical simulation
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