针对滚动轴承局部故障动力学建模问题，通过分析各滚动体在进入、退出载荷区和陷入故障时的变化情况，基于Hertz接触理论，定义了接触变形保留因子，提出了滚动轴承等效时变刚度函数，建立了局部故障滚动轴承单自由度时变刚度动力学模型，并进行了理论分析和实验研究。研究结果表明，当滚动体进入或退出载荷区时，载荷区中承载滚动体数量增加或减少，引起系统等效时变刚度的小幅增加或减小；当滚动体陷入故障时，因接触变形保留因子的不同使得其有效接触刚度不同程度降低而导致系统等效时变刚度的减小。系统等效时变刚度的变化引起载荷区中其他滚动体的接触变形和接触力产生不同幅度的变化，从而平衡外部径向载荷，对载荷区中心附近的滚动体的影响较为明显，但不影响各滚动体的有效接触刚度。系统等效时变刚度发生突变，导致系统振动。外环故障时，等效时变刚度等幅变化；内环故障时，等效时变刚度的变化受到内环旋转的调制而幅值不同。提出的单自由度时变刚度动力学模型与实际更加吻合。
Abstract
In response to the dynamic modeling problem of local faults in rolling bearings, by analyzing the changes of each rolling element when entering, exiting the load zone and falling into the fault position, based on Hertz contact theory, the contact deformation retention factor is defined, the equivalent time-varying stiffness function of rolling bearings is proposed, and a single degree of freedom with time-varying stiffness dynamic model of local fault rolling bearings is established. Theoretical analysis and experimental research are conducted. The research results indicate that when the rolling element enters or exits the load zone, the number of load-carrying rolling elements in the load zone increases or decreases, causing a small increase or decrease in the equivalent time-varying stiffness of the system; when the rolling element falls into the fault position, the effective contact stiffness decreases to different degrees due to different contact deformation retention factors, which leads to a decrease in the equivalent time-varying stiffness of the system. The change of the equivalent time-varying stiffness of the system causes the contact deformation and contact force of other rolling elements in the load zone to change in different magnitudes, thus balancing the external radial load. The impact on the rolling elements near the center of the load zone is more obvious, but it does not affect the effective contact stiffness of each rolling element. An abrupt change in the equivalent time-varying stiffness of the system occurs, leading to system vibration. When the outer ring fails, the equivalent time-varying stiffness varies equally. When the inner ring malfunctions, the change in equivalent time-varying stiffness is modulated by the rotation of the inner ring and the amplitude is different. The proposed single degree of freedom time-varying stiffness dynamic model is more in line with reality.
关键词
滚动轴承 /
局部故障 /
动力学 /
等效时变刚度
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Key words
rolling bearing /
local faults /
dynamic /
equivalent time-varying stiffness
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