起重机中滑轮绳索系统晃动冲击的动力学仿真研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1) : 190-197.

冲击与爆炸

起重机中滑轮绳索系统晃动冲击的动力学仿真研究

王天堉，齐朝晖*，赵天骄，徐金帅

作者信息 +

Dynamic simulation of shaking impact of pulley-rope system in crane

WANG Tianyu, QI Zhaohui*, ZHAO Tianjiao, XU Jinshuai

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

起重机中的滑轮绳索系统在作业过程中容易出现晃动、倾斜等问题，严重降低了作业效率且增加安全隐患。在处理滑轮与绳索接触状态实时变化的问题时，采用单元节点与物质点绑定的假设导致单元形函数不能精确描述各段圆弧曲线，需要缩小单元尺寸，降低了求解效率。引入空间描述方法，以滑轮上接触区域的边界点划分不同接触状态的绳索，采用离散角度的圆弧插值和Hermite插值分别描述接触段绳索和滑轮间绳索的形状，求得各节点物质速度与物质加速度。考虑绳索的轴向变形，依据虚功率原理建立了滑轮绳索系统的动力学方程。通过与动力学仿真软件ADAMS对比验证了本文所提方法的有效性，对起重设备中常见的滑轮绳索系统进行建模，研究不同绕绳方式、吊重质量和滑轮间距对滑轮架基体晃动和受冲击程度的影响。本研究所提出的滑轮绳索动力学建模方法为工程实践提供了必要的理论支撑。

Abstract

The pulley-rope system in hoisting mechanism of crane is prone to vibrate and tilt during operation process, which seriously reduces efficiency and increases safety hazard. When dealing with the real-time change of the contact state between pulley and rope, the assumption that the element node is bound to the material point leads to the fact that the element shape function hardly describes the circular curves of each section, and the element size needs to be reduced, which lowers solving efficiency. In this study, spatial description method was introduced to divide ropes in different contact states by the boundary points of the contact area on the pulley. Arc interpolation and Hermite interpolation were used to describe the shapes of the ropes in different sections, and the material velocity and material acceleration of each node were obtained. Considering the axial deformation of the rope, the dynamic equation was established according to the principle of virtual power. By comparing with ADAMS, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is verified, and the pulley rope system commonly used in hoisting equipment is modeled. The influence of combination of pulleys and rope, lifting weight and distance of pulleys on the rotation degrees of pulley frame was studied. The modeling method of pulley-rope system proposed in this study provides the necessary theoretical support for engineering practice.

导出引用

王天堉, 齐朝晖, 赵天骄, 徐金帅. 起重机中滑轮绳索系统晃动冲击的动力学仿真研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(1): 190-197

WANG Tianyu, QI Zhaohui, ZHAO Tianjiao, XU Jinshuai. Dynamic simulation of shaking impact of pulley-rope system in crane[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(1): 190-197

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