结合理论计算、有限元仿真和实验测量，研究了基于声学黑洞的声学迷宫结构的优化设计方法，给出了具有5.01和7.75个倍频程的小尺寸、宽频吸声结构。首先，基于传递矩阵法，建立声学黑洞的数学模型，计算声学黑洞的反射系数，并将理论计算结果与有限元仿真结果进行对比。然后，基于声学黑洞的导纳变化规律，设计单、双旁支管声学迷宫结构，通过优化设计，实现迷宫结构和声学黑洞导纳的匹配。最后，基于声学迷宫结构导纳的匹配结果，应用模拟退火算法构造优化模型，获得了宽频吸声的小尺寸声学迷宫结构，并打印3D样件进行实验验证。研究结果表明：应用双旁支管声学迷宫代替声学黑洞管道中的环腔，经优化设计，旁支管迷宫和声学黑洞的导纳可以实现完美匹配，并可以在保持吸声性能不变的前提下，实现结构的小尺寸设计，优化后的结构有效吸声带宽是优化前的13.36倍，倍频程是优化前的3.64倍。
Abstract
Combined with theoretical calculation, finite element simulation and experimental measurement, the optimization design method of acoustic maze structure based on acoustic black hole is studied, and a small-size and broadband sound absorption structure with 5.01 and 7.75octaves is given.First, based on the transfer matrix method, the mathematical model of acoustic black hole is established, the reflection coefficient of acoustic black hole is calculated, and the theoretical calculation results are compared with the finite element simulation results.Then, based on the admittance variation law of the acoustic black hole, the single and double side branch acoustic maze structures are designed. By optimizing the design, the matching of the maze structure and the admittance of the acoustic black hole is realized.Finally, based on the matching results of the admittance of the acoustic maze structure, the simulated annealing algorithm is used to construct the optimization model, and the small-sized acoustic maze structure with broadband sound absorption is obtained, and the 3D sample is printed for experimental verification.The results show that the double side branch pipe acoustic maze is used to replace the ring cavity in the acoustic black hole pipeline. After optimization, the admittance of the side branch pipe maze and the acoustic black hole can achieve perfect matching, and the small size design of the structure can be realized under the premise of maintaining the sound absorption performance. The effective sound absorption bandwidth of the optimized structure is 13.36 times that before optimization, and the octavesare3.94 times those before optimization.
关键词
声学黑洞 /
声学迷宫 /
传递矩阵 /
有限元 /
实验测量 /
反射系数
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Key words
Acoustic black hole;acoustic labyrinth structure;transfer matrix;finite element /
experimental measurement;reflection coefficient
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