跑道不平整是飞机滑跑最重要的激励因素，对跑道服役寿命、飞机地面运行安全影响显著。为揭示不平整激励对飞机-跑道系统动力响应的作用机制，本文建立了考虑飞机空间振动的三维整机模型以及考虑半刚性基层的跑道结构双层板模型，通过实测和模拟重构了跑道三维及二维不平整，引入新型快速显式积分法对多参数、高自由度的飞机-跑道耦合系统时域求解与分析。结果表明：实测三维不平整激励下，飞机前端的振动响应显著大于重心附近，不平整激励的横向效应引发了左右主起落架动载的差异，除了竖向振动外，俯仰、侧倾运动对飞机动力响应也产生了较大影响；相对于二维不平整，三维不平整激励下飞机动载系数是二维工况的1.20~1.52倍，三维不平整激励下面层底部纵向动应变是二维工况的1.20~1.49倍，实际跑道平整度分析评价应从二维转向三维；以目前规范中跑道平整度指标为对象，当平整度恶化到次等级时，飞机振动响应指数级陡增，建议跑道平整度等级应始终保持在中等及以上水平；道面不平整程度对道面纵向应变和竖向位移均有较大影响，在道面结构分析设计中应考虑不平整带来的动力效应。

Runway roughness is a critical excitation factor during aircraft taxiing, significantly impacting runway service life and the safety of ground operations. To elucidate the mechanism by which roughness excitation influences the dynamic response of the aircraft-runway system, a three-dimensional whole aircraft model considering spatial vibrations and a dual-layer runway structure model incorporating a semi-rigid base were established in this study.  both three-dimensional and two-dimensional runway roughness using measured and simulated data were reconstructed. A novel explicit integration method was introduced to solve and analyze the time-domain responses of the aircraft-runway coupled system, characterized by multiple parameters and high degrees of freedom. The results indicate that under the excitation of measured three-dimensional roughness, the vibration response at the aircraft's forward section is significantly greater than that near its center of gravity. The transverse effect of roughness excitation causes a disparity in the dynamic loads on the left and right main landing gears. Besides vertical vibrations, pitch and roll motions also substantially affect the aircraft's dynamic response. Compared to two-dimensional roughness, the dynamic load coefficient under three-dimensional roughness excitation is 1.20 to 1.52 times that under two-dimensional conditions, and the longitudinal dynamic strain at the bottom layer under three-dimensional roughness excitation is 1.20 to 1.49 times that under two-dimensional conditions. Therefore, the analysis and evaluation of actual runway roughness should shift from two-dimensional to three-dimensional assessments. When runway roughness deteriorates to a poor level according to current standards, the aircraft's vibration response increases exponentially. It is recommended that runway roughness levels be maintained at a medium or higher standard. The degree of runway roughness significantly affects both longitudinal strain and vertical displacement of the pavement, which should be considered in the analysis and design of pavement structures.