基于改进的Hilbert-Huang高速铁路轨道短波不平顺识别研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10) : 241-249.

交通运输科学

基于改进的Hilbert-Huang高速铁路轨道短波不平顺识别研究

周素霞1,2，纪泽*1,2，曲直3，靳雨松1,2

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Identification of short wave irregularities in high speed railway tracks based on improved techniques Hilbert-Huang transform

ZHOU Suxia1,2, JI Ze*1,2, QU Zhi3, JIN Yusong1,2

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摘要

为准确可靠识别高速铁路轨道上的短波不平顺特征，针对Hilbert-Huang变换方法中的模态混叠和端点效应问题，提出了改进的Hilbert-Huang算法。运用修正Akima方法，优化分段三次Hermite插值法，对构建的调幅调频信号区间重新赋予权重，有效避免了包络曲线的过冲和欠冲问题并保持光滑性；基于边界局部特征尺度延拓法，对构建的复合信号进行处理，抑制了端点效应中的发散现象。采用改进的Hilbert-Huang算法与EEMD算法进行对比分析，结果表明，改进的Hilbert-Huang算法具有更好的信号分离效果。基于改进的Hilbert-Huang算法对高速铁路轨道短波不平顺实测信号进行分解，应用边际谱和Hilbert谱对IMF分量进行分析，得到的波长与位置信息与实际测量结果吻合度较高。

Abstract

In order to accurately and reliably identify short-wave irregularities on high-speed railway tracks, an improved Hilbert-Huang algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of modal aliasing and endpoint effects in the Hilbert-Huang transform method. The modified Akima method is used to optimize the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation method, and re-weight the interval of the constructed AM and FM signal, which effectively avoids the overshoot and undershoot problems of the envelope curve and maintains smoothness; based on the local characteristic scale extension method of the boundary, the constructed composite signal is processed to suppress divergence in endpoint effects. The improved Hilbert-Huang algorithm is compared with EEMD algorithm. The results show that the improved Hilbert-Huang algorithm has better signal separation effect. Based on the improved Hilbert-Huang algorithm, the measured signal of short-wave irregularities on high-speed railway tracks is decomposed, and the marginal spectrum and Hilbert spectrum are used to analyze the IMF component. The obtained wavelength and position information are in good agreement with the actual measurement results.

导出引用

周素霞1, 2, 纪泽1, 2, 曲直3, 靳雨松1, 2. 基于改进的Hilbert-Huang高速铁路轨道短波不平顺识别研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(10): 241-249

ZHOU Suxia1, 2, JI Ze1, 2, QU Zhi3, JIN Yusong1, 2. Identification of short wave irregularities in high speed railway tracks based on improved techniques Hilbert-Huang transform[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(10): 241-249

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