基于二次分解时频图和SE-DSMC-BSA的轻量化有载分接开关机械故障识别方法

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11) : 268-279.

故障诊断分析

基于二次分解时频图和SE-DSMC-BSA的轻量化有载分接开关机械故障识别方法

李思奇1，夏卯1，鲁思兆*1，毕贵红1，黄一超1，阮彦俊2，李良创2

作者信息 +

Lightweight OLTC mechanical fault recognition method based on secondary decomposition time-frequency maps and SE-DSMC-BSA

LI Siqi1, XIA Mao1, LU Sizhao*1, BI Guihong1, HUANG Yichao1, RUAN Yanjun2, LI Liangchuang2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

有载分接开关（On-load Tap-Changer，OLTC）是有载调压变压器中唯一可动的部件，其频繁切换易导致机械故障。为了实现OLTC机械状态的在线监测，文中提出一种结合二次分解时频图、深度可分离多尺度卷积(Depthwise Separable Multiscale Convolutions，DSMC)、SE注意力机制和广播自注意力机制(Broadcast Self-Attention Mechanism, BSA)的轻量化OLTC故障识别方法。首先，建立OLTC故障模拟实验平台获取振动信号。在此基础上，引入二次分解和Hilbert变换，将两次分解的分量全部转换为时频图。然后，利用SE-DSMC对时频图进行多尺度的特征提取，并进行通道特征增强。最后，引入BSA对全局特征进行提取，以提升故障识别的准确率。与现有方法相比，该方法特别是在小样本情况下具有识别速度快、准确率高和轻量化等优势。

Abstract

On-load Tap-Changer (OLTC) is the only movable component in an on-load voltage regulating transformer, and its frequent switching can lead to mechanical failures. To achieve online monitoring of the OLTC's mechanical condition, this paper proposes a lightweight fault identification method that combines secondary decomposition time-frequency maps, Depthwise Separable Multiscale Convolutions (DSMC), SE attention mechanism, and Broadcast Self-Attention Mechanism (BSA). First, an OLTC fault simulation experimental platform is established to collect vibration signals. Based on this, secondary decomposition and Hilbert transform are introduced to convert all the decomposed components into time-frequency maps. Then, SE-DSMC is used for multi-scale feature extraction of the time-frequency maps and for enhancing channel features. Finally, BSA is employed to extract global features to improve the accuracy of fault identification. Compared to existing methods, this approach offers advantages, particularly in small sample scenarios, such as faster recognition speed, higher accuracy, and lightweight characteristics.

导出引用

李思奇1, 夏卯1, 鲁思兆1, 毕贵红1, 黄一超1, 阮彦俊2, 李良创2. 基于二次分解时频图和SE-DSMC-BSA的轻量化有载分接开关机械故障识别方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(11): 268-279

LI Siqi1, XIA Mao1, LU Sizhao1, BI Guihong1, HUANG Yichao1, RUAN Yanjun2, LI Liangchuang2. Lightweight OLTC mechanical fault recognition method based on secondary decomposition time-frequency maps and SE-DSMC-BSA[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(11): 268-279

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