基于气动优化算法的高层建筑外伸肋板布局优化研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12) : 290-297.

土木工程

基于气动优化算法的高层建筑外伸肋板布局优化研究

刘锦阳*1，回忆2，杨庆山2，徐亮3

作者信息 +

Research on the layout optimization of facade ribs for high-rise buildings based on aerodynamic optimization algorithm

LIU Jinyang*1,HUI Yi2,YANG Qingshan2,XU liang3

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

研究表明外伸肋板作为一类有效的气动优化措施，能显著减弱高层建筑上的风荷载，但实际工程中最小风荷载下外伸肋板的优化布置尚未阐明。传统的数值模拟和风洞试验方法只能获得有限的肋板布局优化方案，且优化过程费时费力。因此，本文利用结合大涡模拟（LES）、反向传播神经网络（back propagation neural network BPNN）和非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）的多目标优化程序，评估最小风荷载对应的外伸肋板最优布局参数。结果表明，BPNN代理模型可以快速得到肋板布置参数与目标风荷载间复杂的非线性关系，模型上的总荷载和不同位置肋板上荷载的变化趋势明显差异，迎风面板和上游侧面板上的荷载和模型上的总升、阻力趋势相反，由于涡脱影响，下游侧面板和背风面板上的荷载更加复杂。遗传算法NSGA-II可以有效评估多目标风荷载之间的最优平衡解。肋板的最优布局参数，即位置参数b/D和外伸长度d/D的范围分别为0.14-0.17和0.073-0.077，b/d的比值约为2。最优布置参数能更好的平衡模型和肋上的风荷载，为工程师或者设计人员在使用外伸肋板抗风设计时提供参考。

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that that facade ribs serve as an effective aerodynamic optimization measure, significantly reducing wind loads on high-rise buildings. However, the optimal arrangement of facade ribs under minimal wind loads in practical engineering remains unclear. Conventional numerical simulations and wind tunnel test methods can only obtain limited optimization schemes for rib layouts, and the optimization process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, this paper utilizes a multi-objective optimization procedure combining Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to assess the optimal layout parameters for facade ribs corresponding to minimal wind loads. The results demonstrate that the BPNN surrogate model can rapidly capture the complex nonlinear relationship between rib layout parameters and target wind loads, revealing notable differences in the load variation trends on the overall force on the model and on ribs positioned at different locations. The mean drag and fluctuating lift of models of windward ribs and upstream sidewall ribs have opposite trend. The loads on the windward ribs and upstream side ribs exhibit opposite trends compared to the total lift and drag on the model. Due to the influence of vortex shedding, the loads on the downstream side ribs and leeward ribs are more complex. The genetic algorithm NSGA-II effectively evaluates the optimal trade-off solutions among multiple objective wind loads. The optimal layout parameters, specifically the position ratio b/D and extension length d/D, fall within the ranges of 0.14-0.17 and 0.073-0.077, respectively, with a b/d ratio of approximately 2. These optimal arrangement parameters provide balance for wind loads on both the model and the ribs, offering references for engineers and designers in wind-resistant design using facade ribs.

导出引用

刘锦阳1, 回忆2, 杨庆山2, 徐亮3. 基于气动优化算法的高层建筑外伸肋板布局优化研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(12): 290-297

LIU Jinyang1, HUI Yi2, YANG Qingshan2, XU liang3. Research on the layout optimization of facade ribs for high-rise buildings based on aerodynamic optimization algorithm[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(12): 290-297

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