基于子结构模态综合法的导叶轴-顶盖耦合系统振动特性研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12) : 80-89.

振动理论与交叉研究

基于子结构模态综合法的导叶轴-顶盖耦合系统振动特性研究

王洋1，梁权伟2，马同午1，曾劲*1,3，何启源2，杨洋1，王世建2

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Study on vibration characteristics of the guide vane stem-head cover coupled system using substructure modal synthesis method

WANG Yang1，LIANG Quanwei2，MA Tongwu1，ZENG Jin*1,3，HE Qiyuan2，YANG Yang1，WANG Shijian2#br#

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摘要

针对混流式水轮机在水流作用下诱发导叶轴与顶盖之间的碰摩故障，本文采用有限单元法结合固定界面模态综合法，建立了导叶轴-顶盖碰摩耦合系统的减缩动力学模型，进而详细讨论了导叶轴截断数和顶盖截断数对减缩模型前3阶模态特性的影响规律。此外，考虑水流作用和导叶轴-顶盖局部接触导致的结构预应力效应，对比研究了全模型和减缩模型前3阶固有频率随水流静载和摩擦系数的变化规律。最后对比分析了单谐波水流激励下两种接触状态(包括近载端接触和近-远载端接触)对全模型和减缩模型动力学行为的影响规律。研究结果表明：(1) 水流静载值的增加使得导叶轴-顶盖局部接触程度加深，从而导致系统前3阶固有频率呈增大趋势，且摩擦系数的增加会使导叶轴-顶盖耦合系统由近载端接触切换到近-远载端接触时所需的水流静载值增大；(2) 在共振状态下，单谐波水流激励下导叶轴与顶盖碰摩使得系统的振动响应频谱体现为激励频率的倍频，且在奇数倍频处出现幅值放大现象。

Abstract

Aiming at the rubbing fault between guide vane stem and head cover of a francis hydro-turbine under the effect of water flow, the finite element method combined with the fixed interface mode synthesis method was used to establish the reduced model of the guide vane stem-head cover system with rubbing fault. Then the effects of truncation number of guide vane stem and head cover on the first three-order natural frequencies of the model were discussed, respectively. Next, considering the pre-stressed effect caused by the water flow load and the local contact load between guide vane stem and head cover, the first three order natural frequencies obtained from the full and reduced models varying with hydrostatic load and friction coefficient were compared with each other. Finally, the effects of two contact states including near and near-far load end contacts on the dynamic behavior of the full and reduced models under single harmonic water flow excitation were compared with each other. The results showed that: (1) the first three natural frequencies of the system increase with the increasing hydrostatic load leading to the aggravation of local contact between guide vane stem and head cover, and a larger friction coefficient results in a larger hydrostatic load when switching from near-load end contact to near-far load end contact; (2) in the resonant state, the frequency spectrogram of guide vane stem-head cover rubbing-coupled system under the effect of single harmonic water flow presents integer multiples of the excitation frequency, and the amplitude amplification phenomenon appears at odd harmonics of the excitation frequency.

导出引用

王洋1, 梁权伟2, 马同午1, 曾劲1, 3, 何启源2, 杨洋1, 王世建2. 基于子结构模态综合法的导叶轴-顶盖耦合系统振动特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(12): 80-89

WANG Yang1, LIANG Quanwei2, MA Tongwu1, ZENG Jin1, 3, HE Qiyuan2, YANG Yang1, WANG Shijian2. Study on vibration characteristics of the guide vane stem-head cover coupled system using substructure modal synthesis method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(12): 80-89

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