二系横向减振器安装间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12) : 90-100.

振动理论与交叉研究

二系横向减振器安装间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响研究

赵苍鹏1，代亮成*1，池茂儒1，郭兆团1，曾鹏程1，孙宝恺1，刘林2

作者信息 +

Study on effects of installation gap on secondary lateral damper on dynamic performance of railway vehicle

ZHAO Cangpeng1，DAI Liangcheng*1，CHI Maoru1，GUO Zhaotuan1，ZENG Pengcheng1，SUN Baokai1，LIU Lin2#br#

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文章历史 +

摘要

针对动车组拖车滚振试验时二系横向减振器安装间隙所导致的动力学问题，建立了考虑安装间隙、橡胶节点刚度、油液刚度和非线性阻尼特性的二系横向减振器Maxwell模型，开展了车辆模型与减振器模型的动力学联合仿真，分析了减振器不同安装间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响，同时对所有模型都进行了台架试验验证。结果表明：存在安装间隙时，示功图曲线在行程换向后会出现与间隙长度相对应的空行程，降低减振器衰减振动的能力；非线性临界速度随间隙的增加整体上不断下降，在间隙超过一定值后，降势逐渐平缓，趋近于二系横向减振器完全失效后的非线性临界速度；横向平稳性指标随间隙的增加迅速上升，评定等级经历从优到良好再到合格的明显变化，显著降低车辆运行的横向平稳性；脱轨系数和轮轴横向力随间隙的增加相对缓慢增大，一定程度上降低车辆运行的安全性。研究结果对长期服役的减振器精细化建模和车辆的运营维护具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract

In view of the dynamic issues caused by the installation gap on the secondary lateral damper during the roller rig test of the electric multiple units trailer car. A Maxwell model for the secondary lateral damper was established considering installation gap, rubber joint stiffness, oil stiffness, and nonlinear damping characteristics. A dynamic co-simulation of the vehicle model and the damper models was further carried out to analyze the effects of different installation gaps on the damper on the dynamic performance of the vehicle. Meanwhile, all the models had been validated with bench tests. The research results are shown as follows. When the damper has an installation gap, the indicator diagram shows a deadband corresponding to the gap length after stroke reversal, reducing the damper’s ability to suppress vibration. The nonlinear critical speed decreases overall with the increase of the gap, and after the gap exceeds a certain value, the decrease in speed tends to level off, converging to the nonlinear critical speed for the complete failure condition of the secondary lateral dampers. The lateral ride quality index increases rapidly with the increase of the gap, and the evaluation grade undergoes an obvious change from excellent to good and then to qualified, significantly reducing the lateral ride quality of the vehicle running. The derailment coefficient and the wheelset lateral force increase relatively slowly with the increase of the gap, reducing the safety of the vehicle running to some extent. The research results are instructive for the fine modeling of long-service dampers and the operation and maintenance of vehicles.

导出引用

赵苍鹏1, 代亮成1, 池茂儒1, 郭兆团1, 曾鹏程1, 孙宝恺1, 刘林2. 二系横向减振器安装间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(12): 90-100

ZHAO Cangpeng1, DAI Liangcheng1, CHI Maoru1, GUO Zhaotuan1, ZENG Pengcheng1, SUN Baokai1, LIU Lin2. Study on effects of installation gap on secondary lateral damper on dynamic performance of railway vehicle[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(12): 90-100

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