因外部短路引起的变压器绕组损坏通常不仅与单次短路过程相关，历次短路冲击可能导致绕组逐渐发生变形，进而产生不可逆的累积变形，从而降低其抗短路能力。首先，对一台额定电压为110.0 kV的变压器进行改造，并开展多次短路冲击试验，通过测量绕组电抗和轴向压紧力的变化，验证了短路冲击对绕组机械状态破坏的累积效应；然后，通过对油箱表面的振动信号及绕组轴向冲击力进行时频分析，揭示了累积效应对绕组振动特性的影响规律；最后，采用Wigner-Ville分布方法对振动信号进行处理，构建时频矩阵并实现特征提取，基于模糊C均值聚类算法计算绕组机械状态的隶属度，提出一种量化绕组变形累积效应的方法，并确定了绕组严重变形的判据。由试验结果可知，振动特征参量变化规律与绕组电抗和轴向压紧力具有较高的一致性。该研究成果可应用于绕组机械状态评估与早期故障预警，为变压器的安全稳定运行提供重要的工程参考价值。
Abstract
Damage to transformer windings caused by external short circuits is usually not only related to a single short-circuit process, but also to gradual deformation of windings caused by successive short-circuit impacts to generate irreversible cumulative deformation and reduce their anti-short-circuit ability. Here, firstly, a 110.0 kV transformer was remade to conduct multiple short-circuit impulse tests. Cumulative effect of short-circuit impacts on mechanical state damage of windings was verified by measuring changes of reactance and axial pressure of windings. Then, effects of cumulative effect on vibration characteristics of windings were revealed through time domain and frequency domain analyses of vibration signals on surface of fuel tank and axial impact force of windings. Wigner-Ville distribution method was used to process vibration signals, construct time-frequency matrix for realizing feature extraction, and calculate the membership degree of winding mechanical state based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, a method for quantifying the cumulative effect of winding deformation was proposed, and the criterion for severe winding deformation was determined. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the variation law of vibration characteristic parameters is highly consistent with the change rate of reactance and axial pressure. The study results can be applied in mechanical state assessment and early fault warning of windings, and provide important engineering reference value for safe and stable operation of transformers.
关键词
变压器 /
短路累积 /
绕组振动 /
奇异值分解 /
聚类算法
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Key words
transformer /
short circuit accumulation /
winding vibration /
singular value decomposition /
clustering algorithm
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