低速冲击作用下混凝土板的耗能特性研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (15) : 280-288.

冲击与爆炸

低速冲击作用下混凝土板的耗能特性研究

颜佳伟，古松*，孔超

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Energy dissipation characteristics of concrete slabs under low-speed impact

YAN Jiawei, GU Song*, KONG Chao

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摘要

为了研究混凝土板在低速冲击作用下能量耗散特性，利用落锤实验装置对14块素混凝土板进行试验，采用混凝土连续面盖帽本构模型(continuous surface cap model，CSCM)结合非线性显示动力分析软件LS-DYNA对冲击过程进行了数值模拟，并通过能量守恒定律求得试件在冲击过程中能量变化情况，分析了不同混凝土强度、落锤冲击速度和混凝土板厚度对混凝土板耗能特性及其破坏效应的影响。结果表明：冲击力随着落锤冲击速度的增大而增大，且在冲击过程中板的动态变化表现为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和完全破坏阶段；混凝土板的下挠幅度随着冲击速度的增大而增大，呈现较好的抛物线关系；当冲击速度越大，对结构有更强的侵彻效应，主要表现为撞击混凝土的侵入深度，混凝土板断裂过程中产生的碎块动能以及落锤剩余的动能消耗了更多能量，则作用于裂缝拓展的能量就越少。该研究可为桥面板和路面防止低速冲击作用提供参考，以供落石灾害防护工程设计所需。

Abstract

In order to investigate the energy dissipation characteristics of concrete slabs under low-velocity impact, 14 groups of plain concrete slabs were tested by using a drop hammer test device. The impact process of each group was numerically simulated by using the Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM) combined with the nonlinear display dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA. The energy change of the specimen during the impact process was found through the law of conservation of energy. The effects of different concrete strengths, impact velocities and concrete slab thicknesses on the energy dissipation characteristics of concrete slabs and their destructive effects were analysed. The results show that the impact force increases with the increase of the impact velocity of the drop hammer. The dynamic change process of the concrete slab during the low-velocity impact is mainly divided into the elastic stage, the plastic stage and the complete destruction stage. The downward deflection of the concrete slab increases with increasing impact velocity, showing a better parabolic relationship. When the impact velocity is higher, it will show a stronger erosion effect. The more energy consumed by the kinetic energy of the concrete fragments and the kinetic energy of the drop hammer during the fracture process, the less energy is applied to the crack expansion. This study can provide a reference for bridge deck slabs and pavements to prevent low-velocity impact effects for the design of rockfall hazard protection projects.

导出引用

颜佳伟, 古松, 孔超. 低速冲击作用下混凝土板的耗能特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(15): 280-288

YAN Jiawei, GU Song, KONG Chao. Energy dissipation characteristics of concrete slabs under low-speed impact[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(15): 280-288

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