爆破产生的振动效应影响邻近建(构)筑物的安全。作为减振手段之一，减振孔可用于控制爆破振动影响。然而，目前减振孔布设方案多基于经验方法，并且减振效果评价标准主要集中在局部单排测点，无法全面表征减振孔后方区域内的减振效果与规律。本文基于枕头坝护坦爆破开挖工程，采用LS-DYNA数值分析方法，系统研究了减振孔排数、深度、爆心距和单排布孔数对有效减振区域面积、峰值减振率等减振效果的影响。首先，利用小尺寸爆破模型试验对LS-DYNA方法模拟爆破荷载作用下减振孔减振隔振效应的有效性进行了验证。随后，系统开展了不同减振孔参数对有效减振区域的影响规律研究。研究结果表明：减振效果最优的区域位于减振孔布设区后方垂直于爆源的位置；随着排数、深度、爆心距和单排布孔数的增大，有效减振区域面积增大；峰值减振率随排数增大而显著增大，随爆心距增大而减小，受到减振孔深度和爆破孔深度的共同影响。与单一测点减振率相比，有效减振区域面积可以体现减振效果的区域分布，并且不受测点选取位置影响。另外，基于不同减振孔参数对减振隔振效应的相关性分析表明，有效减振区域面积与减振孔深度相关性最明显，其次是减振孔排数和爆心距。峰值减振率与减振孔排数相关性最明显，集中减振率与减振孔排数和深度密切相关。研究结果对减振孔的布设和最大程度的利用减振效果保护邻近建(构)筑物具有参考意义。

Blasting-induced vibrations significantly threaten the safety of adjacent structures. Barrier hole, as one of the effective methods for mitigating such vibrations, has been widely employed in rock engineering. However, the layout scheme of the barrier holes often relies on empirical methods, and the current standards for assessing the effectiveness of vibration reduction are typically limited to specific measurement points, which cannot comprehensively represent the spatial distribution of vibration impacts behind barrier holes. In this paper, to systematically investigate the vibration reduction and isolation effect of barrier holes, numerical simulations were carried out based on the engineering background of the Zhentou dam apron blasting excavation project. Firstly, the effectiveness of LS-DYNA software and the equivalent blasting load method in modeling the vibration reduction and isolation effect of barrier holes was verified through small-scale blast experiments. Subsequently, the effects of various parameters of barrier holes on vibration reduction and isolation characteristics were investigated. Simulation results indicated that the area with the optimal vibration reduction effect is located directly behind the region where the barrier holes are arranged. With the increase in the number of barrier hole rows, barrier hole depth, distance between the barrier holes and blast area, and the number of holes in a single row, the effective vibration reduction area increases. The peak vibration reduction rate significantly increases with the increase of the number of barrier hole rows but decreases with the increase of the distance between the barrier holes and the blast area, and is affected by both the depth of the barrier hole and the depth of the blast hole. Compared with the vibration reduction rate of a specific measuring point, the effective vibration reduction area can reflect the regional distribution of the vibration reduction effect and is not affected by the location of the measurement point. The correlation analysis of the vibration reduction and isolation effect based on different barrier hole parameters showed that the effective vibration reduction area is most correlated with the depth of barrier holes, followed by the number of barrier hole rows and the distance between the barrier holes and the blast area. The peak vibration reduction rate is most correlated with the number of barrier hole rows, and the concentrated vibration reduction rate is closely related to the number and depth of barrier hole rows. The research findings in this study provided a reference for the layout of barrier holes, optimizing vibration mitigation to safeguard adjacent structures.