大长径比尾翼爆炸成型弹丸飞行稳定性分析

PDF(3195 KB)

振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4) : 184-197.

冲击与爆炸

大长径比尾翼爆炸成型弹丸飞行稳定性分析

李珍珍1,2，杨永亮*1，王雅君3，杨宝良3，侯云辉3，郭锐1

作者信息 +

Flight stability analysis of large aspect ratio explosively formed projectiles with fins

LI Zhenzhen1,2,YANG Yongliang*1,WANG Yajun3,YANG Baoliang3,HOU Yunhui3,GUO Rui1

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

爆炸成型弹丸（Explosively Formed Projectiles, EFP）的飞行稳定性直接决定弹丸撞靶的姿态、速度和密集度，进而影响EFP的侵彻性能。为了提升高超音速（马赫=4~7）EFP的侵彻威力，综述目前EFP的构型及飞行稳定性，建立了大长径比尾裙和褶皱尾翼EFP模型；构建并验证了EFP高超音速气动参数的数值计算方法。分析了尾翼式EFP的结构参数（齿根高、齿宽、实心率）对升阻力、压心和飞行稳定性等的影响规律，研究了结构不对称程度和滚转运动对尾裙和尾翼式EFP静态气动参数的影响规律。在此基础上，建立并验证了EFP飞行动力学微分方程，分析了结构非对称和滚转运动对弹道径向偏移量的影响；研究了药型罩材质对了球形、尾裙式、尾翼式EFP长距离飞行速度降的影响，定量分析了飞行稳定性对EFP存速能力的影响。研究表明，常规尾翼弹飞行稳定性判据仍适用于EFP高超音速空气弹道；通过斜置褶皱尾翼产生较低速的滚转运动，可以显著提高非对称结构EFP的空气弹道密集度；本文优化后的尾翼式EFP在飞行稳定性良好的同时，具有优异的存速能力，可为高侵彻威力EFP战斗部成型设计提供一个标准构型参考。

Abstract

The flight stability of explosively formed projectiles (EFP) directly determines their impact orientation, velocity, and dispersion, which in turn affects the penetration performance of the EFP. To enhance the penetration power of hypersonic EFPs (Mach 4-7), a review of the current configurations and flight stability of EFPs was conducted. Models of EFPs with high aspect ratio tail skirts and corrugated fins were established, and a numerical method for calculating the aerodynamic parameters of hypersonic EFPs was developed and validated. The effects of structural parameters of finned EFPs—such as root height, tooth width, and solidity—on lift-to-drag ratio, center of pressure, and flight stability were analyzed. Additionally, the influence of structural asymmetry and roll motion on the static aerodynamic parameters of tail-skirted and finned EFPs was investigated. Based on this, the flight dynamics differential equations of EFP were established and validated. The effects of structural asymmetry and roll motion on ballistic radial displacement were analyzed. Additionally, the impact of liner material on the long-range velocity decay of spherical, tail-skirted, and finned EFPs was studied, and a quantitative analysis was conducted to assess how flight stability influences the residual velocity retention of EFPs. The study indicates that conventional stability criteria for finned projectiles remain applicable to the hypersonic air trajectory of EFPs. Introducing a low-speed roll motion through inclined corrugated fins significantly enhances the air trajectory dispersion of asymmetrical EFPs. The optimized finned EFP presented in this paper exhibits excellent flight stability and superior residual velocity retention, offering a standard configuration reference for designing high-penetration EFP warheads.

导出引用

李珍珍1, 2, 杨永亮1, 王雅君3, 杨宝良3, 侯云辉3, 郭锐1. 大长径比尾翼爆炸成型弹丸飞行稳定性分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(4): 184-197

LI Zhenzhen1, 2, YANG Yongliang1, WANG Yajun3, YANG Baoliang3, HOU Yunhui3, GUO Rui1. Flight stability analysis of large aspect ratio explosively formed projectiles with fins[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(4): 184-197

参考文献

[1] 李向东. 弹药概论第2版[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2017.
LI X D, Danyao Gailun 2nd Edition [M] Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2017. (in Chinese)
[2] FU H, JIANG J, MEN J, et al. Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Tantalum–Tungsten Alloy Liner under Ultra-High Strain Rate by Explosive Detonation[J]. Materials, 2022,15(15):5252.
[3] WANG Y, LI W, YU J, et al. Research on Numerical Simulation of Tantalum Explosively Formed Projectile Forming Driven by Detonation[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2022,2022:2175801.
[4]BERNER C, FLECK V, WARKEN D. Aerodynamic predictions of optimized explosively formed penetrators[C]//17th International Symposium on Ballistics. Mideand: ISB, 1998.
[5] 卢永刚, 蒋建伟, 门建兵. EFP的气动及终点弹道优化设计新方案[J]. 兵工学报, 2002,23(3):308-312.
LU Y G, JIANG J W, MEN J B. A new optimization design for the aerodynamics and terminal ballistics of explosively formed penetration (EFP)[J]. ACTA ARMAMENTARII, 2002(03):308-312. (in Chinese)
[6] BERNER C, FLECK V. Pleat and asymmetry effects on the aerodynamics of explosively formed penetrators[C]//18th International Symposium on Ballistics. Boca Raton:CRC Press , 1999.
[7] WANG W, CHEN Z, YANG B, et al. Formation of an Explosively Formed Penetrator Warhead Using a Step-Shaped Charge[J]. Shock and vibration, 2022,2022:1-17.
[8] RONDOT F, BERNER C. Performance of aerodynamically optimized EFP simulants[C]//17th International Symposium on Ballistics. Midrand: ISB, 1998.
[9] FLECK V, BERNER C, WINCHENBACH G, et al. Aerodynamic testing for long range explosively formed penetrators[C]//18th International Symposium on Ballistics.Boca Raton :CRC Press , 1999.
[10] BENDER D, CHHOUK B, FONG R, et al. Explosively formed penetrators (EFP) with canted fins[C]//19th International Symposium on Ballistics. Interlaken, Switzerland: ISB, 2001.
[11] WU J, LIU J, DU Y. Experimental and numerical study on the flight and penetration properties of explosively-formed projectile[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007,34(7):1147-1162.
[12] 伍俊, 唐德高, 刘记军. 爆炸成型弹丸飞行速度衰减规律研究: 第七届全国工程结构安全防护学术会议[C], 中国浙江宁波, 2009.
WU J, TANG D G, LIU J J. Research on the attenuation law of flight speed of explosively formed projectiles: 7th National Conference on Engineering Structural Safety Protection [C], Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 2009. (in Chinese)
[13] WEY P, SEILER F, SRULIJES J, et al. Free-flight motion analysis based on shock-tunnel experiments[C]//26th International Symposium on Ballistics. Miami: ISB, 2011.
[14] LIU J, GU W, LU M, et al. Formation of explosively formed penetrator with fins and its flight characteristics[J]. Defence Technology, 2014, 10(2): 119-123.
[15] 魏惠之, 朱鹤松, 汪东晖, 等. 弹丸设计理论[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1985.
WEI H Z, ZHU H S, WANG D H, et al. Bullet Design Theory [M] Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1985. (in Chinese)
[16] 刘健峰, 龙源, 纪冲, 等. 含偏心起爆对EFP战斗部飞行特性的影响[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2015,35(03):335-342.
LIU J F, LONG Y, JI C, et al. Effect of eccentric initiation on the flight characteristics and ballistic dispersion of EFP [J] Explosion and Shock Waves, 2015,35 (3): 335-342. (in Chinese)
[17] 任芮池. 双层药型罩EFP气动及飞行特性研究[D]. 北京理工大学, 2016.
REN R C. Research on aerodynamic and flight characteristics of tandem EFP formed by double-layered liner[D]. Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese)
[18] EGHLIMA Z, MANSOUR K, FARDIPOUR K. Heat transfer reduction using combination of spike and counterflow jet on blunt body at high Mach number flow[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2018,143:92-104.
[19] EGHLIMA Z, MANSOUR K. Drag reduction for the combination of spike and counterflow jet on blunt body at high Mach number flow[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2017,133:103-110.
[20] KLATT D, PROFF M, HRUSCHKA R. Investigation of the flight behavior of a flare-stabilized projectile using 6DoF simulations coupled with CFD[J]. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 2019,30(9):4185-4201.
[21] YI Y. Research on the Penetrator Characteristics and Flight Stability of Explosively Formed Penetrator[J]. Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology, 2020,23(4):355-362.
[22] SUN C, JIA Y. Rapid diagnosis and measurement of explosively formed projectiles based on high-quality sequential images[J]. Applied Optics, 2020, 59(13): 3959-3966.
[23] SUN C, JIA Y, YANG B. Large-scale observation of an explosively formed projectile in flight using simultaneous shadow/direct high-speed imaging technique[J]. Optik, 2020,219:165220.
[24] 丁丰, 赵太勇, 杨宝良, 等. 尾翼EFP成型及气动的数值模拟[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2021,41(03):115-118.
DING F, ZHAO T Y, YANG B L, et al. Numerical Simulation of Fin EFP Forming and Aerodynamics[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance,2021,41(3):115-118,122. (in Chinese)
[25] 李瑞, 汪泉, 洪晓文, 等. 多点起爆对杆式爆炸成型弹丸成型的影响[J]. 火工品, 2022(1):38-42.
LI R, WANG Q, HONG X W, et al. Effects of Multi-point Initiation on the Formation of Rod-shaped Explosively Formed Projectile[J]. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2022(1):38-42. (in Chinese)
[26] LI Y, WANG J, LIU Z, et al. Orthogonal optimization design and experiments on explosively formed projectiles with fins[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023,173:104462.
[27] 李渊博, 王金相, 赵瑶瑶, 等. EFP构型对其气动特性和侵彻性能影响分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023,42(8):259-265, 304.
LI Y B, WANG J X, ZHAO Y Y, et al. Analysis of the influence of EFP configuration on its aerodynamic characteristics and penetration performance[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(8):259-265,304. (in Chinese)
[28] HAN Z P. Exterior Ballistics of Projectiles and Rockets[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2014.
[29] LAUNDER B E, SPALDING D B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1974,3(2):269-289.
[30] BAILEY A B, HIATT J. Free-flight measurements of sphere drag at subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic speeds for continuum, transition, and near-free-molecular flow conditions[J]. Arnold Engineering Development Center Arnold AFS TN, 1971.
[31] VAN DYKE M. An album of fluid motion[M]. Parabolic Press Stanford, 1982.
[32] 李珍珍, 杨永亮, 杨贵涛, 等. 单尾裙式EFP超音速气动特性及飞行稳定性研究[J]. 弹道学报, 2024,36(03):1-11.
LI Z Z, YANG Y L, YANG G T, et al. Research on Supersonic Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flight Stability of Single-Tailed Skirted EFP[J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2024, 36(3):1-11. (in Chinese)
[33] SCHLICHTING H. Boundary Layer Theory[M]. Springer Nature, 2017.
[34] 韩子鹏. 弹箭非线性运动理论[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2016.
HAN Z P. Nonlinear motion theory of projectile and rocket[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2016. (in Chinese)
[35] 王树山. 终点效应学(第二版)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2019.
WANG S S. Terminal Effects (2nd Edition)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019. (in Chinese)