巷道冲击地压是一种高应力煤岩突然释放能量的动力灾害，支护装备往往受到过载冲击而失效致灾。为提高巷道液压支架的吸能抗冲能力，本文构建顶板来压作用下立柱-吸能构件耦合冲击模型，揭示吸能构件与立柱耦合作用下吸能构件最优阻力模式，以液压立柱乳化液压力最大波动幅值、立柱缸筒应力峰值、吸能量为评价指标，分析单吸能构件、组合吸能构件阻力特性对立柱抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明，增阻模式是巷道液压支架吸能构件的最优阻力模式：在立柱底端安装增阻吸能构件，其吸能量相比安装恒阻吸能构件增加9.29%，且不增大缸筒应力峰值，同时，可以降低大能量冲击过程中硬撞击产生的冲击力；立柱上、下两端安装增阻吸能构件，相比上、下两端安装恒阻吸能构件，乳化液压力最大波动幅值降低9.79%，缸筒内壁应力峰值降低了13.83 MPa，吸能量增加5.65%。研究成果为巷道防冲液压支架吸能构件的设计提供了理论依据。

Rock burst in roadway is a kind of dynamic disaster caused by sudden release of energy from high stress coal rock. Supporting equipment is often damaged by overload impact. In order to improve the energy absorption and impact resistance of the roadway hydraulic support, this paper constructs a coupling impact model of the column-energy absorbing component under the action of roof pressure, and reveals the optimal resistance mode of the energy absorbing component under the coupling effect of the energy absorbing component and the column. The maximum fluctuation amplitude of the emulsion pressure of the hydraulic column, the peak stress of the column cylinder and the energy absorption are used as evaluation indexes to analyze the influence of the resistance characteristics of the single energy absorbing component and the combined energy absorbing component on the impact resistance of the column. The results show that the resistance-increasing mode is the optimal resistance mode for the energy-absorbing components of the roadway hydraulic support. Compared with the constant resistance energy-absorbing component installed at the bottom of the column, the energy absorption of the resistance-increasing energy-absorbing component installed at the bottom of the column increases by 9.29 %, and does not increase the peak stress of the cylinder. At the same time, it can reduce the impact force generated by hard impact in the process of large energy impact ; compared with the constant resistance energy absorption components installed at the upper and lower ends of the column, the maximum fluctuation amplitude of the emulsion pressure is reduced by 9.79 %, the peak stress of the inner wall of the cylinder is reduced by 13.83 MPa, and the energy absorption is increased by 5.65 %. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of energy absorption components of roadway anti-scour hydraulic support.