针对某复杂城区场地进行风速测试的风洞试验，获得24个风向角的平均风速剖面并拟合得到粗糙度指数，以此确定各个风向角的地面粗糙度类别，同时研究了上游迎风区域扇形角度对试验结果的影响。结果表明，迎风区域为城区与山地混合地貌时更容易发展成C类地貌；24个风向角的粗糙度指数值拟合优度均大于0.95，说明指数律能很好地表达该复杂城区地貌的平均风速剖面；迎风区域扇形角度对城市地面粗糙度类别有较大影响，70°~180°扇形角度时的平均风速剖面和拟合的指数均非常接近，而30°~60°迎风角度时指数变小，可以确定上游扇区迎风角度70°为最小扇区角度，该值与ASCE和EN规范的90°规定值比较接近，建筑结构荷载规范建议180°迎风半圆的范围过大。
Abstract
Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a complex urban landform to obtain the mean wind velocity profile of 24 wind directions and fit the roughness power index to determine the ground roughness categories for each wind direction angle. Meanwhile, the influence of the upwind sector angle on the test results was investigated. The results indicate that upwind areas with mixed urban and mountainous landforms are more likely to develop into Category C landforms. The goodness of fit of the roughness power index values for 24 wind directions is greater than 0.95, indicating that the exponential law can effectively express the mean wind velocity profile of complex urban landforms. The upwind sector angle has a significant impact on the classification of urban ground roughness. The average wind speed profile and fitted power index are very close when the sector angle is between 70°and 180°, while the index decreases when the angle is between 30°and 60°. It can be determined that the minimum angle of the upstream sector is 70°, which is close to the 90° specified in ASCE and EN specifications. The upstream sector value of 180°, which is equal to a semicircle, regulated in the Load Code for the Design of Building Structures, seems to be too large.
关键词
指数律 /
地貌粗糙度 /
风洞试验 /
风向角 /
迎风夹角
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Key words
exponential law /
terrain roughness /
wind tunnel test /
wind angle /
upwind sector angles
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