高速侵彻下脆性金属弹丸损伤特性研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 113-120.

冲击与爆炸

高速侵彻下脆性金属弹丸损伤特性研究

王维占1，景彤2，李红莉3，孟凡高4，郑灿杰4，赵太勇*1

作者信息 +

Damage characteristics of brittle metal projectiles under high-speed penetration

WANG Weizhan1，JING Tong2，LI Hongli3，MENG Fangao4，ZHENG Canjie4，ZHAO Taiyong*1

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文章历史 +

摘要

研究动能弹对典型防护靶板的冲击响应特性对改进弹丸威力设计具有指导意义。本文通过弹道冲击试验和理论建模分析，研究了12.7mm动能弹对3种典型靶板（混凝土靶（工况1）、装甲钢靶（工况2）、陶瓷复合装甲靶（工况3））的冲击响应特性，并建立了用于表征脆性动能弹断裂特性的计算模型。研究发现：基于应力波理论建立的计算模型能够较好的分析典型靶板作用下弹体的断裂起始与终止位置，且计算结果与试验结果规律一致性较好，适用可靠性较高。其中，弹体对靶板的冲击载荷产生的拉伸波和剪切波是导致弹芯断裂方式发生变化的重要因素。冲击载荷较小时，弹芯最先呈现弹性响应特性（工况1），随着冲击载荷的增大，弹芯由拉伸断裂向剪切断裂方向转变，断面也由解理/韧窝断裂（工况2）向单一的解理断裂趋势（工况3）转变，且弹芯剩余高度逐渐减小。

Abstract

The study of kinetic energy projectiles' impact response characteristics against typical protective target plates has guiding significance for improving projectile power design. This article, through ballistic impact experiments, investigates the impact response characteristics of a 12.7mm kinetic energy projectile against three typical target plates: concrete (condition 1), armor steel (condition 2), and ceramic composite armor (condition 3). It establishes a calculation model for the fracture characteristics of brittle kinetic energy projectiles. The study finds that the tensile and shear waves generated by the impact load on the target plate are key factors influencing the change in fracture mode of the projectile core.When the impact load is relatively small, the projectile core initially exhibits elastic response characteristics (condition 1). As the impact load increases, the core shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture, with the fracture surface transitioning from cleavage/dimple fracture (condition 2) to a predominantly cleavage fracture (condition 3). Additionally, the residual height of the projectile core gradually decreases. The theoretical model's calculated results for the kinetic energy projectile's fracture characteristics align well with the experimental results, demonstrating good applicability.

导出引用

王维占1, 景彤2, 李红莉3, 孟凡高4, 郑灿杰4, 赵太勇1. 高速侵彻下脆性金属弹丸损伤特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(6): 113-120

WANG Weizhan1, JING Tong2, LI Hongli3, MENG Fangao4, ZHENG Canjie4, ZHAO Taiyong1. Damage characteristics of brittle metal projectiles under high-speed penetration[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(6): 113-120

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