高速铁路基床细颗粒动力迁移机制与临界水力梯度研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 263-271.

交通运输科学

高速铁路基床细颗粒动力迁移机制与临界水力梯度研究

蒋红光1，王新宇1，马川义2，张宁2，刘舜*3，王川2

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Dynamic migration mechanism and critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles in the subgrade bed of high-speed railway

JIANG Hongguang1, WANG Xinyu1, MA Chuanyi2, ZHANG Ning2, LIU Shun*3, WANG Chuan2

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摘要

水-力共同作用下的高速铁路基床翻浆冒泥病害已逐渐显露，研究基床细颗粒所对应的临界水力梯度可有助于揭示翻浆冒泥的发生机制。为进一步研究高速铁路基床细颗粒动力迁移与临界水力梯度，基于构建的基床翻浆冒泥模型装置，开展了循环荷载下基床动水特性及细颗粒迁移试验，分析了水-力耦合作用下基床填料的动态孔隙水压力、水力梯度和浊度的演化规律，提出了基床填料的粒径特征与临界水力梯度的关系。结果表明：动载作用下饱和基床表层表现出超静正-负孔压交替作用，在荷载卸载时产生“负压泵吸”型的向上水力梯度，基床层间则是表现出“正压驱动”和“负压泵吸”联合作用的向上水力梯度；细颗粒在基床表层的分布与水力梯度一致，均呈现出两端高、中间低的“马鞍型”分布特征；对于基床底层，0.075 mm粒径颗粒发生迁移的临界水力梯度为0.052，低于基床层间水力梯度的试验值0.12~0.25，导致细颗粒向基床表层迁移；现行设计规范并不能完全避免动力翻浆冒泥病害，需结合列车动载水平进一步降低基床表层细颗粒含量。

Abstract

The mud pumping in subgrade bed of high-speed railway has gradually emerged resulted from the hydraulic-mechanical effect. Studying the critical hydraulic gradient corresponding to the fine particles of the subgrade bed can help to reveal the mechanism of mud pumping. In order to further study the migration and critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles in subgrade bed of high-speed railway, based on the model device for mud pumping of subgrade bed, the dynamic water characteristics and fine particles migration test under cyclic loading was carried out. The development laws of dynamic pore water pressure, hydraulic gradient and turbidity of subgrade bed filler were analyzed, and the relationship between particle size and critical hydraulic gradient of subgrade bed filler was proposed. The results show that under the dynamic loading, the surface layer presents the alternating action of positive-negative excess pore pressure, and the upward hydraulic gradient of “negative pressure pumping” is generated during the unloading. The interlayer shows the upward hydraulic gradient of the combined action of “positive pressure driving” and “negative pressure pumping”. The distribution of fine particles in the surface layer is consistent with the hydraulic gradient, showing a “saddle-shaped” distribution of high at both ends and low in the middle. For the bottom layer, the critical hydraulic gradient for the migration of 0.075 mm particles is 0.052, which is lower than the experimental values of 0.12~0.25 of the interlayer, resulting in the migration of fine particles to the surface layer. The current design specification cannot completely avoid the mud pumping. It is necessary to further reduce the fine particle content in combination with the dynamic load level of the train.

导出引用

蒋红光1, 王新宇1, 马川义2, 张宁2, 刘舜3, 王川2. 高速铁路基床细颗粒动力迁移机制与临界水力梯度研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(6): 263-271

JIANG Hongguang1, WANG Xinyu1, MA Chuanyi2, ZHANG Ning2, LIU Shun3, WANG Chuan2. Dynamic migration mechanism and critical hydraulic gradient of fine particles in the subgrade bed of high-speed railway[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(6): 263-271

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