横向振动荷载下输电铁塔连接螺栓松动研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 28-37.

振动理论与交叉研究

横向振动荷载下输电铁塔连接螺栓松动研究

郜帆1，任亚宁1，李军阔1，周万志*2，张大长2

作者信息 +

Bolt looseness of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load

GAO Fan1，REN Yaning1，LI Junkuo1，ZHOU Wanzhi*2，ZHANG Dachang2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

输电线路长期承受风荷载、导线振动、舞动等动力荷载作用，导致螺栓预紧力损失甚至发生松脱，严重影响输电塔及线路安全。铁塔连接节点通常采用螺栓连接，螺栓承担剪力及横向振动荷载。然而，相关规范仅规定螺栓的紧固扭矩达到紧固及防松的目的，影响防松特性的其他因素往往被忽略，可能影响螺栓的长期紧固状态及日常运行维护。首先，对输电杆塔常用6.8级M16粗制高强螺栓开展横向振动试验，研究了不同频率、振幅和扭矩对螺栓预紧力及防松特性的影响；然后，开展横向振动荷载下螺栓防松特性的模拟分析，并与试验结果及规范规定进行对比验证；最后，考察了横向振动状态下螺栓变形和螺纹区应力，以及不同初始预紧力下螺栓松动规律。研究结果表明：预紧力下降曲线分为快速下降和平稳下降两个阶段，当横向振动频率越小，振幅越大，扭矩越小时，螺栓越容易发生松脱；横向振动荷载下，螺纹区应力分布不均匀，整体呈倒梯形分布；螺纹应力分布由螺杆段向自由端逐渐降低，最大应力点从中间位置移至两侧；预紧力越高防松性能越好。因此，可知规范规定的扭矩法所对应的预紧力较低，建议使用预紧力控制，取0.5倍~0.6倍屈服紧固轴力。

Abstract

Transmission lines are subjected to dynamic loads such as wind loads, conductor vibrations, and dancing for a long time, resulting in loss of bolt preload or even loosening, which seriously affects the safety of transmission towers and lines.The joints of the tower are usually connected by bolts, which bear the shear force and lateral vibration load.However, relevant codes only specify that the tightening torque of bolts should achieve the purpose of tightening and preventing loosening, and other factors that affect the anti-loosening characteristics are often ignored, which may affect the long-term tightening state and daily operation and maintenance of bolts.Transverse vibration tests were conducted on 6.8 grade M16 rough high-strength bolts commonly used in transmission towers, and the effects of different frequencies, amplitudes, and torques on the bolt preload and fastening characteristics were studied.Then, a simulation analysis of the anti-loosening characteristics of bolts under transverse vibration load was carried out, and the results were compared and verified with the test results and specifications.The bolt deformation and thread area stress under transverse vibration state, as well as the bolt loosening law under different initial preloads were investigated.The results show that the decline curve of preload can be divided into two stages: rapid decrease and steady decrease.When the transverse vibration frequency is lower, the amplitude is larger, and the torque is smaller, the bolt is more likely to loosen.Under transverse vibration load, the stress distribution in the threaded area is uneven, with an overall trapezoidal distribution.Furthermore, the stress distribution of the thread gradually decreases from the screw section towards the free end, and the maximum stress point moves from the middle position to both sides.The higher the preload, the better the anti-loosening performance.Therefore, it can be seen that the preload force corresponding to the torque method specified in the code is relatively low.It is recommended to use preload force control and take 0.5 to 0.6 times the yield tightening axial force.

导出引用

郜帆1, 任亚宁1, 李军阔1, 周万志2, 张大长2. 横向振动荷载下输电铁塔连接螺栓松动研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(6): 28-37

GAO Fan1, REN Yaning1, LI Junkuo1, ZHOU Wanzhi2, ZHANG Dachang2. Bolt looseness of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(6): 28-37

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