城市轨道交通中针对扣件系统减振性能评估，尚无完备的试验评估体系。基于扫频激励试验平台，根据现场实测数据和调研分析等资料确定了扣件的减振性能评估试验方法，可分频分级评估扣件的减振性能。试验方法确定了扫频范围为10~1 000 Hz、扫频量级为1 m/s2和扫频速度为05 oct/min等关键试验参数，并开展了不同维度的减振性能对比试验研究，分频振级曲线显示三种扣件的基础垂向加速度振级与扣件刚度基本呈正相关；不同轴重作用下试验扣件在10~160 Hz内基础Z振级分频插入损失均为正，且与刚度基本呈正相关；结合基础最大Z振级插入损失的评价指标，14 t轴重工况下，A型扣件插入损失为98 dB，B型扣件插入损失为71 dB；17 t轴重工况下，A型扣件插入损失为99 dB，B型扣件插入损失为69 dB，两种轴重工况下试验扣件的插入损失相当，轴重作用影响不大，且试验扣件插入损失与厂家宣称减振效果基本一致。现场测试的A型扣件和B型扣件隧道壁Z振级最大值VLzmax减振效果与扫频激励试验结果基本一致，进一步验证了扫频激励试验方法的合理性。
Abstract
There is currently no complete test evaluation system for evaluating vibration reduction performance of fastening in urban rail transit. Here, based on a sweep frequency excitation test platform, according to on-site measured data and investigation and analysis data, the vibration reduction performance evaluation test method of fastener was determined. Vibration reduction performance of a fastener could be evaluated with frequency division and grading. The test method was used to determine key test parameters of the sweep frequency range of 10-1 000 Hz, the sweep frequency magnitude grade of 1 m/s2, and the sweep frequency speed of 0.5 oct/min, and conduct contrastive test studies on vibration reduction performance in different dimensions. Frequency division vibration level curves showed that base vertical acceleration vibration levels of 3 types of fasteners are basically positively correlated with their fastener stiffnesses; under different axle loads, insertion losses of test fasteners within the range of 10-160 Hz are positive for their bases of Z-level frequency division, and are basically positively correlated with their stiffness; combined with evaluation indexes of the maximum base Z-level insertion losses, under 14 t axle load condition, insertion loss of A-type fasteners is 9.8 dB, and insertion loss of B-type fasteners is 7.1 dB, under 17 t axle load condition, insertion loss of A-type fasteners is 9.9 dB, and insertion loss of B-type fasteners is 6.9 dB, insertion losses of test fasteners under the two axle load conditions are equivalent, and effects of axle load are not large, insertion losses of tested fasteners are basically consistent with the manufacturer’s claimed vibration reduction effects; vibration reduction effects of tunnel wall Z-level maximum values VLzmax measured on-site when using A-type and B-type fasteners are basically consistent with sweep frequency excitation test results to further verify the rationality of sweep frequency excitation test method.
关键词
城市轨道交通 /
减振性能 /
分频分级 /
扣件 /
扫频激励
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Key words
urban rail transit /
vibration reduction performance /
frequency division and grading /
fastener /
sweep frequency excitation
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