自适应双阻尼小波字典的轴承复合故障诊断方法

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7) : 239-246.

故障诊断分析

自适应双阻尼小波字典的轴承复合故障诊断方法

胡俊锋1,赵丽娟2,严雪竹2,张龙*2

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Bearing compound fault diagnosis method with adaptive dual-damped wavelet dictionary

HU Junfeng1, ZHAO Lijuan2, YAN Xuezhu2, ZHANG Long*2

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摘要

针对强背景噪声下难以准确提取出轴承复合故障中各故障类型有效特征的问题，提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution，MCKD)和稀疏表征的轴承复合故障诊断方法。该方法首先通过MCKD算法实现复合故障的分离，并达到初步增强故障冲击特征的效果；然后进行稀疏表征字典设计先验知识分析，构造与真实故障脉冲响应更加匹配的双阻尼非对称小波参数字典，结合正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit, OMP)算法，稀疏重构出各故障特征；最后对重构分量做包络谱分析，提取轴承故障特征频率。考虑到MCKD算法和非对称小波中的参数选取决定着最终的特征提取效果，使用鲸鱼优化算法（whale optimization algorithm, WOA）实现参数自动优化选取。仿真数据和试验台数据分析结果表明，所提出的方法可有效提取出轴承复合故障中的各类故障成分，且相比常用的单阻尼Laplace小波字典具有一定的优越性。

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of extracting the effective features of each signal component for bearing compound fault under heavy background noise, a novel compound fault diagnosis method based on maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution（MCKD） and sparse representation is proposed. Firstly, the MCKD algorithm is used to separate the compound faults and enhance the fault impulse responses. Next, a priori knowledge analysis of the sparse representation dictionary design is carried out to construct a double-damped asymmetric wavelet parameter dictionary that better matches the real fault impulse response, which is combined with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm to sparsely reconstruct each fault feature. Finally, the reconstructed components are analyzed by envelope spectrum to extract fault characteristic frequencies. Considering that parameter selection in the MCKD algorithm and asymmetric wavelets determines the final feature extraction effect, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is used to achieve automatic and optimal parameter selection. The analysis results of the simulated signals and the test-bed signals show that the proposed method can effectively extract all kinds of fault components in bearing compound faults, and has certain superiority over the commonly used single-damped Laplace wavelet dictionary.

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Key words

compound fault / maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution（MCKD） algorithm / double-damped asymmetric wavelet / sparse representation / feature extraction.

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胡俊锋1, 赵丽娟2, 严雪竹2, 张龙2. 自适应双阻尼小波字典的轴承复合故障诊断方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(7): 239-246

HU Junfeng1, ZHAO Lijuan2, YAN Xuezhu2, ZHANG Long2. Bearing compound fault diagnosis method with adaptive dual-damped wavelet dictionary[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(7): 239-246

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