汽车磁流变油气弹簧工作原理及试验研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8) : 30-41.

交通运输科学

汽车磁流变油气弹簧工作原理及试验研究

董小闵*1，李坪洋1，费振洋1，申皓月1，潘忠文2，郭海全3

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Mechanical principle and experimental analysis of vehicle magnetorheological hydro-pneumatic spring

DONG Xiaomin*1，LI Pingyang1，FEI Zhenyang1，SHEN Haoyue1，PAN Zhongwen2，GUO Haiquan3

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摘要

针对目前汽车油气弹簧阻尼特性无法根据路况及行驶工况自适应调整，且难以取得更好的安全性和舒适性的难题，提出了一种汽车磁流变 (magnetorheological,MR)油气弹簧设计理论及方法。基于磁流变机理及汽车悬架阻尼减振理论，提出了一种双向阻尼力可控的新型汽车磁流变油气弹簧结构方案，分析了磁流变油气弹簧工作原理；考虑气体流体可压缩性、磁流变液挤压强化效应和局部损失等因素，推导了磁流变油气弹簧的输出阻尼力及弹性力计算公式；定性定量分析了磁流变阀芯长度、间隙和气体压强对磁流变油气弹簧输出力学性能的影响；样机测试测试结果表明，推导的理论力学模型能够准确地描述不同激励下磁流变油气弹簧的力学特性，磁流变油气弹簧的输出力随着激励幅值、频率、电流的增大而增大，研究结果为汽车磁流变油气弹簧的应用提供了理论和硬件基础。

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that the damping characteristics of vehicle hydro-pneumatic spring cannot be adaptively adjusted according to road and driving conditions, and it is difficult to achieve sufficient safety and comfortBased on the insufficient adaptive damping capability with the various road and running conditions for hydro-pneumatic spring in vehicles, which cannot obtain satisfactory safety and serviceability,, a design theory of semi-active magnetorheological (MR) hydro-pneumatic spring is was proposed. Based on the MR mechanism and vibration-damping theory of vehicle suspension, a novel MR hydro-pneumatic spring with two-way damping force controllability for vehicles has beenwas designed. Mechanical principle of this MR prototype is was discussed with MR valve. Considering the compressibility of liquid and gas, squeezing strengthening effect of MR fluid and local loss, the theoretical models of output damping force and elastic force are were derived. The effects of Mechanical mechanical variations ,with piston length, gap width and gas pressure, with on output mechanical properties were have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed based on the derived model. Comparing with the measured results of the experimental prototype, the proposed theoretical models can precisely describe the mechanical performance under various excitations. The output force increases with the increasing increase the of excitation amplitude, frequency and the applied currents. These findings provide the theory and hardware base for optimization design of MR hydro-pneumatic spring for vehicles.

导出引用

董小闵1, 李坪洋1, 费振洋1, 申皓月1, 潘忠文2, 郭海全3. 汽车磁流变油气弹簧工作原理及试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2025, 44(8): 30-41

DONG Xiaomin1, LI Pingyang1, FEI Zhenyang1, SHEN Haoyue1, PAN Zhongwen2, GUO Haiquan3. Mechanical principle and experimental analysis of vehicle magnetorheological hydro-pneumatic spring[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(8): 30-41

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