采用阻尼间隙逐渐减小流道结构的变间隙磁流变缓冲器，是一种因磁流变胶泥流速下降致使缓冲力衰减的结构补偿思路，然而变间隙流道结构补偿效果受制于力学模型对缓冲器动力学行为预测的准确性，因此构建准确的动力学模型是变间隙流道结构补偿缓冲力衰减的关键因素。为此，采用微分思想分析变间隙流道的阻尼力，并构建分别考虑局部损耗、惯性效应及两者共同作用的动力学模型，进而对比分析各模型预测的准确性。采用微分思想将变间隙流道分为若干微元，构建Herschel-Bulkley (HB)模型得到流道阻尼力；考虑局部损耗，构建了HB-Minor Losses (HBM)动力学模型；考虑惯性效应，基于微分思想将惯性效应产生的阻尼力沿轴向转换为N等分微元惯性效应阻尼力叠加分析，建立了HB-Inertia Losses (HBI)模型；综合考虑惯性效应和局部损耗的影响，构建了同时包含惯性效应和局部损耗的HB-Minor-Inertia Losses (HBMI)模型。为验证理论模型的准确性，制作了一种变间隙磁流变缓冲器样机，并开展不同冲击条件下缓冲器动力学性能测试，结果显示该缓冲器具有良好的可控性;与试验结果对比，HB、HBM、HBI、HBMI模型的峰值力最大相对误差分别为17.7%、11.1%、15.8%、1.2%，动态范围相对误差分别为7.4%、1.7%、7.2%、1.0%，表明HBMI模型预测变间隙磁流变缓冲器的动力学行为准确性最高。
Abstract
The variable gap magnetorheological variable energy absorber, which adopts a flow channel structure with a gradually decreasing gap, is a structural compensation idea that relies on the decrease in the velocity of the magnetic fluid gel due to the attenuation of the buffering force. However, the compensation effect of the variable gap flow channel structure is limited by the accuracy of the mechanical model in predicting the dynamic behaviour of the buffer. Therefore, constructing an accurate dynamic model is a key factor in compensating for the attenuation of the buffering force in the variable gap flow channel structure. To this end, the differential thinking is used to analyse the damping force of the variable gap flow channel, and a dynamic model that considers local losses, inertial effects, and their combined action is constructed. This model is used to compare and analyse the accuracy of various model predictions. By using differential thinking, the variable gap flow channel is divided into several microelements, and the Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model is used to obtain the flow channel damping force. Considering local losses, the HB-Minor Losses (HBM) dynamic model is constructed. By considering the inertial effect, the differential thinking is used to convert the damping force produced by the inertial effect into the sum of the damping forces of N microelements along the axial direction, and the HB-Inertia Losses (HBI) model is established. By comprehensively considering the effects of both inertial effect and local loss, a model that contains both inertial effect and local loss, called HB-Minor-Inertia Losses (HBMI), is constructed. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, a prototype of the variable gap magnetic fluid buffer was produced, and dynamic performance tests of the buffer under different impact conditions were carried out. The results showed that the buffer has good controllability. When compared with the experimental results, the peak force maximum relative error of the HB, HBM, HBI and HBMI models are 17.7%,11.1%,15.8% and 1.2% respectively, and the dynamic range relative error are 7.4%, 1.7%, 7.2%, and 1.0% respectively, indicating that the HBMI model predicts the dynamic behaviour of the variable gap magnetic fluid buffer with the highest accuracy.
关键词
磁流变缓冲器 /
动力学行为 /
变间隙 /
局部损耗 /
惯性效应
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Key words
magnetorheological energy absorber /
dynamic behavior /
variable gap /
minor losses /
inertia losses
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