高速铁路钢轨波磨高发区段弹条断裂机理研究

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摘要我国高速铁路钢轨在长期应用中出现了大量波浪形磨耗（简称钢轨波磨），且在钢轨波磨高发区段伴随着大量扣件弹条的断裂问题，具有重大安全隐患。为探究我国高速铁路扣件弹条在钢轨波磨高发区段的断裂机理，首先现场调研掌握了广深高铁波磨区段的弹条断裂情况，并构建了波磨高发区段的轮对-钢轨-扣件系统有限元模型；然后从共振特性角度，对比分析了波磨诱导的轮轨系统振动与扣件弹条的固有振动特性；进而从疲劳特性角度，基于线性累积损伤理论分析了扣件弹条的疲劳寿命；最后，从波磨特性与弹条扣压的角度，提出了相应的高速铁路钢轨波磨区段扣件弹条断裂的控制方法。研究结果表明：在钢轨波磨高发区段轮轨激励频率与安装状态下弹条的固有频率相近，由此产生的共振现象可能是导致弹条断裂的主要成因；轮轨激励造成的剧烈振动使弹条疲劳寿命急剧降低，计算寿命为39.5万次，明显低于设计寿命500万次的要求；通过控制钢轨波磨深度，保证弹条正常扣压的方法，均可以有效保证扣件弹条使用寿命。

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	周世祺 1
	崔晓璐 2
	杨冰 1

关键词 ：高速铁路, 弹条断裂, 钢轨波磨, 共振特性, 疲劳特性

Abstract：In the long-term application of high-speed railway rails in China, number of rail corrugations have occurred. A large number of fastener clips are fractured in the high-incidence section of rail corrugation, which results in serious security risks. In order to study the fracture mechanism of the fastener clips in the high-incidence section of rail corrugation in Chinese high-speed railways. Firstly, the fracture of fastener clips in the corrugation section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway is investigated. The finite element model of the wheelset-rail-fastener system in the high-incidence area of rail corrugation is established based on the field data. Secondly, from the perspective of resonance characteristics, the vibration characteristics of wheel-rail system induced by the rail corrugation and the natural vibration characteristics of fastener clips are compared. Then, from the perspective of fatigue characteristics, the fatigue life of fastener clips is analyzed based on the linear cumulative damage theory. Finally, some suggestions are presented to restrain the fracture of the clips in high-incidence corrugation sections by controlling the depth of rail corrugation and ensuring the buckle pressure of fastener clips. Results show that the wheel-rail excitation frequency in the high-incidence area of rail corrugation is close to the natural frequency of the fastener clip in the installation state. The resonance phenomenon may be the cause of the fastener failure. The severe vibration caused by wheel-rail excitation sharply reduces the fatigue life of the fastener clips by only 395,000 times, which is significantly lower than the design life requirement of 5 million cycles. The service life of the clips can be effectively guaranteed by controlling the rail corrugation depth and ensuring the normal fastening of the clips.

Key words： High-speed railway Fracture of clip Rail corrugation Resonance characteristic Fatigue characteristic

收稿日期: 2022-12-13 出版日期: 2023-12-15

引用本文:

周世祺 1, 崔晓璐 2, 杨冰 1. 高速铁路钢轨波磨高发区段弹条断裂机理研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(23): 267-275.
ZHOU Shiqi1,CUI Xiaolu2,YANG Bing1. Fracture mechanism of elastic bar in high-incidence section of rail corrugation of high-speed railway. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(23): 267-275.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I23/267

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