摘 要：在基于振动测试的损伤识别方法中，如何选择合适的损伤指标是一个值得研究的问题，但目前损伤指标繁多，而且缺乏一个对损伤指标进行系统评价的方法。本文提出了采用损伤指标对刚度变化的灵敏度，对噪声的适应性，通过不完备信息进行正确识别的能力和对损伤位置精确指示的能力即局部性四个指标对损伤指标进行评价的方法，并给出了这四个指标量化公式，较全面地反应了损伤检测和监测在应用中遇到的各种问题，指导了损伤识别指标的选择。通过对简支梁的数值模拟研究显示这种损伤指标评价方法作为一种先验方法得出的结论与对每种损伤指标进行损伤识别得到的结论一致，说明这种评价方法的可靠性。本文提出的损伤指标的评价方法，考虑了实际中的各种主要因素，通过对损伤指标的四个特性的定量刻画使评价变得十分直观有效，对实际工程结构健康监测系统中损伤识别方法的选择具有重要的指导意义。

Abstract： As a key problem of the vibration-based damage detection, many damage indexes was developed in recent years, but a systematic and effective method to evaluate those damage indexes is not available till now. Therefore, a new assessment method including sensitivity analysis of damage indexes to stiffness, robustness to noise, ability of correct identification based on incomplete information and capacity of indicating locations of damage precisely is proposed in this paper to reflect various main problems in the damage detection for guiding choice of the proper damage index. The numerical example results show that conclusions drawn from proposed method as a foreordain way are consistent with common conclusions of previous study, which means it has strong reliability. The assessment method containing four indexes to quantify characteristic of indicators has bright prosperity in large scale structures for all the pacing factors in practice are considered.