梳齿密封静态稳定性理论与实验研究

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振动与冲击 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (20) : 140-147.

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梳齿密封静态稳定性理论与实验研究

马凯1 张万福1 张尧1 顾乾磊1 陈璐琪1 李春1 杨建刚2

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Theoretical and experimental study on the static stability of labyrinth seals

MA Kai1 ZHANG Wanfu1 ZHANG Yao1 GU Qianlei1 CHEN Luqi1 LI Chun1 YANG Jiangang2

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摘要

梳齿密封静态稳定性直接影响转子系统安全与稳定运行。本文以梳齿密封为对象，提出了密封气流力与静态刚度系数实验识别方法，建立了密封三维流体力学分析模型，研究了不同偏心率、不同进口压力下梳齿密封静特性变化。研究表明：理论和实验结果相吻合，不同偏心状态下梳齿密封会产生一个使转子偏离静子几何中心的气流力和负的直接刚度，且两者都随偏心率和进口压力的增大而不断增加。实验密封出现的静态不稳定现象主要是由于密封小间隙速度沿密封泄漏方向增加较快，质量惯性力显著增大，压力能降低，从而导致大间隙压力大于小间隙，产生使转子偏离中心的气流力及负刚度，最终导致了静态不稳定。

Abstract

The static stability of labyrinth seals directly affects the safe and stable operation of a rotor system.This paper proposed an experimental method to identify the fluid-induced force and static stiffness coefficients.A three-dimensional fluid model of the labyrinth seals was established.And the static characteristics under different eccentricities and inlet pressure were studied.Theoretical results show a good agreement with the experiment results.The labyrinth seal with different eccentricities produces a fluid-induced force and a negative direct stiffness, which causes the rotor deviating from the geometric center of the stator.Both the fluid-induced force and negative direct stiffness increase with eccentricity and inlet pressure.The static instability is mainly due to the fact that the fluid velocity in the small clearance increases more rapidly along the seal leakage path.The mass inertial force is increased significantly and the pressure decreases.This results in greater pressure distribution in the larger clearance.The fluid-induced force and negative stiffness that tend to push the rotor away from the stator center are produced, and eventually lead to the static instability of labyrinth seals.

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马凯1 张万福1 张尧1 顾乾磊1 陈璐琪1 李春1 杨建刚2. 梳齿密封静态稳定性理论与实验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2019, 38(20): 140-147

MA Kai1 ZHANG Wanfu1 ZHANG Yao1 GU Qianlei1 CHEN Luqi1 LI Chun1 YANG Jiangang2. Theoretical and experimental study on the static stability of labyrinth seals[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2019, 38(20): 140-147

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