本研究以某宽幅跨江大桥Π型主梁为例，通过风洞试验和数值模拟系统地研究了该桥面的涡振性能及控制措施。首先对该桥面节段模型进行风洞试验测试，试验结果表明该桥面原始设计方案气动外形较差，在常遇风速下会发生较大幅值的涡激振动，振动幅值超过规范所限定的最大幅值。随后开展了5种典型的气动措施研究，并通过风洞试验对其涡振控制性能进行测试。后使用数值模拟对该断面的涡振与抑振机理进行了研究。对比分析五种措施的试验结果，得出以下4点主要结论：(1)风嘴越向下偏心，抑振效果越好。(2)大尺寸风嘴涡振控制性能优于小尺寸风嘴。(3)风嘴边缘设有水平板有利于气流的提前分离，可提升抑振性能。(4)倒“L”形裙板的扭转涡振控制效果优于风嘴。基于以上试验结论，选取原始断面与控制效果较好的措施进行CFD数值模拟，旨在探究Π型梁涡振的诱发机理，及控制机理。由模拟结果分析得到Π型梁涡振的主要诱因是由于气流在桥面上游角点处分离形成剪切层，随后在箱内形成与桥面尺寸相当的大尺度漩涡所引起的。涡振的控制机理在于通过安装气动措施，整流分离后的气流，削弱剪切层能量，进而提升Π型梁的涡振性能。本研究对Π型梁涡振性能优化具有一定的指导意义，并提出了几种有效的抑振措施，为类似桥面的工程设计提供了依据。
Abstract
Taking the wide Π-shaped bridge deck as an example, this study systematically studies the VIV performance of this deck and the measures to control its VIV. First, the wind tunnel test was carried out, and it was found that the aerodynamic shape of the original section of this deck was poor, and the amplitude of VIV close to the specification limit occurred under the frequently encountered wind speed. Then, on the basis of previous research, five typical aerodynamic measures were selected, and their VIV control performance was evaluated by wind tunnel test. Comparative analysis of the test results of the five measures, the following four conclusions are drawn:(1) The more downward eccentric the fairing is, the better the vibration suppression effect. (2) The VIV control effect of large-sized fairing is better than that of small-sized one. (3) The edge of the fairing is provided with a horizontal plate facilitates the advance separation of the airflow, thereby improving the vibration suppression performance. (4) For torsional vortex control, the fairing is not as good as the inverted L-shaped edge plate. With the above test conclusions, the original section and the measures with better VIV control effect were selected for CFD simulation, in order to explore the induction and control mechanism of Π-shaped deck VIV. According to the analysis of the simulation results, the main cause of the vortex vibration of the Π-shaped deck is that the airflow separates at the upstream corner of the bridge deck to form a shear layer, and then a large-scale vortex with the size of the bridge deck is formed in the box. The control mechanism of the VIV is to rectify the separated air flow by equipping aerodynamic measures, weaken the shear layer energy, and then improve the VIV performance of the Π-shaped deck. This study has certain guiding significance for the VIV performance of Π-shaped deck, and proposes several effective VIV suppression measures, which provide a basis for the engineering design of similar bridge decks.
关键词
桥梁工程 /
风洞试验 /
涡振 /
CFD /
气动措施优化
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Key words
Bridge engineering /
Wind tunnel test /
VIV /
CFD /
Aerodynamic mitigation measures;
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