谐振系统是实现直线压缩机往复运行的关键部件，而用于斯特林制冷机的板弹簧，轴向刚度低、成本高，并且在大振幅运行时易发生疲劳断裂，不适用于大制冷量的民用制冷领域。针对以上问题，设计了一款圆柱臂螺旋盘簧（以下简称盘簧），并基于能量守恒法和莫尔积分法分别建立了盘簧的轴向和径向刚度理论模型，并通过试验验证了理论模型的误差小于6.88%；对装配有盘簧的动磁式直线压缩机进行测试，结果表明，在压缩机动态运行中，所设计盘簧能够保持轴向刚度的恒定，并能一定程度上对活塞起到径向支撑作用，使得活塞与气缸之间的阻尼比为0.1047。最后，对具有相同外径的板弹簧和盘簧进行了相比，得到盘簧的固有频率是板弹簧的1.56倍，最大等效应力可降低41.2%。在达到相同疲劳寿命时，盘簧允许的最大振幅是板弹簧的1.53倍，验证了盘簧在直线压缩机上的应用是可行的。
Abstract
Resonance system is the key component to realize the reciprocating operation of linear compressor, while the plate spring used in Stirling refrigerator has low axial stiffness, high cost, and is prone to fatigue fracture under large amplitude, and is not suitable for civil refrigeration field with large refrigeration capacity. To solve the above problems, a cylindrical arm helical coil spring (hereinafter referred to as the coil spring) is designed, and the theoretical models of axial and radial stiffness of coil spring are developed based on the energy conservation method and the Mohr integral method, respectively. The error of theoretical model is verified to be less than 6.88%. The dynamic magnetic linear compressor equipped with a coil spring is tested. The results show that the designed coil spring can maintain the constant axial stiffness during the dynamic operation of the compressor, and can play a radial support role for the piston to a certain extent, so that the damping ratio between the piston and the cylinder is 0.1047. Finally, compared the flexure spring with the coil spring with the same outer diameter, the natural frequency of the coil spring is 1.56 times that of the plate spring, and the maximum equivalent stress can be reduced by 41.2%. The maximum allowable amplitude of coil spring is 1.53 times greater than that of plate spring for the same fatigue life, verifying that the application of coil spring in linear compressor is feasible.
关键词
直线压缩机 /
谐振系统 /
盘簧 /
动态特性
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Key words
Linear compressor /
Resonance system /
Coil spring /
Dynamic characteristics
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