新型弹性侧支撑长轨枕式减振轨道和既有轨枕式减振轨道的弹性支撑方式不同，重点对新型弹性侧支撑长轨枕式减振轨道力学特性和关键参数展开研究。首先，在轮载作用条件下，对比分析两种减振轨道的应力分布情况，找出道床的应力集中区域及最不利位置，研究载荷施加在新型弹性侧支撑长轨枕式减振轨道不同位置时部件的应力分布特征，并对道床的减振特性加以研究。其次，针对荷载作用于轨枕正上方时的最不利位置，进行道床承轨槽折角处的应力分布分析，以及减振轨道整体道床的配筋设计与检算。最后，采用试验与仿真相结合的方发，研究了侧支撑式弹性垫板的厚度、空间倾斜量和材料硬度对轨枕节点动刚度和垂向最大位移的影响。研究结果表明，新型弹性侧支撑长轨枕式减振轨道道床的最大应力出现在承轨槽两侧下部靠近折角的区域，与既有轨枕式减振轨道的最大应力出现在承轨槽底部中间区域截然不同，且减振效果较显著。道床结构参考既有纵向承轨台整体式道床的配筋方案可以满足受力要求，承轨槽两侧下端折角处不会开裂。侧支撑式弹性垫板的厚度、空间倾斜量和材料硬度是影响新型弹性侧支撑长轨枕式减振轨道节点动刚度的三个关键，其中厚度和材料硬度的变化对节点动刚度的影响较大，增加侧垫厚度，降低材料硬度使节点动刚度降低，载荷-位移滞回曲线的面积增大，消耗的振动能量更多；空间倾斜量的影响较小，与节点刚度之间存在正比例变化关系；在三个关键参数的研究范围内取值可以获得满足规范要求，并具有不同减振等级的节点动刚度。
Abstract
There are obvious differences between the elastic pad support method of the new elastic side-supported long sleeper type damping track (ESSLSDT) and the existing sleeper type damping track. And the mechanical characteristics and key parameters of the ESSLSDT are investigated in detail in this work. Firstly, to identify the stress concentration area and the most unfavorable location in the track bed, the stress contours of the two types of damping tracks are compared under moving wheel load, the stress distribution characteristics of the components of the ESSLSDT are investigated when the load is applied on the different positions of ESSLSDT, and the damping characteristics of track bed are studied. Then, the stress distribution at the corner of the sleeper groove and the design and check calculation of the overall track bed reinforcement are analyzed for the most unfavorable position when the load acts on the long sleeper. Finally, the influence of thickness, spatial inclination and material hardness of the side-supported elastic pad on the dynamic stiffness and vertical maximum displacement of the long sleeper is studied by using the combination of experimental and simulation methods. The results show that the maximum stress of the track bed of the ESSLSDT is located near the corner of the bottom of the sleeper groove, which is quite different from that of the existing sleeper type damping track in the middle of the bottom of the bearing rail groove and has better damping effect. The reinforcement scheme of the track bed refers to the existing longitudinal rail bearing platform monolithic track bed, which can meet the engineering design requirements and make sure that the lower corner of the two sides of the sleeper groove will not cause crack. The thickness, spatial inclination and material hardness of the side-supported elastic pad are three key factors affecting the dynamic stiffness of the ESSLSDT, in which the thickness and material hardness of the side-supported elastic pad have a significant effect on the dynamic stiffness the ESSLSDT, while the effect of the spatial inclination is smaller. As the thickness of the side-supported elastic pad increases, the hardness of the side-supported elastic pad material decreases and the spatial inclination increases, the dynamic stiffness of the ESSLSDT decreases, the area of the hysteresis curve increases and the hysteresis energy consumption increases.Therefore, the dynamic stiffness of the ESSLSDT with different damping levels can be obtained by taking values of the three key parameters to meet the relevant specification requirements.
关键词
减振轨道 /
减振效果 /
配筋 /
侧支撑式弹性垫板 /
节点动刚度
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Key words
damping track /
damping effect ;reinforcement /
side-supported elastic pad /
joint dynamic stiffness
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