基于多缩放基调频变换的时频脊线精细化表征方法

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振动与冲击 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19) : 22-29.

论文

丁嘉凯1,2，王义1,2，穆志国3，张光耀1,2，李城1, 2

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A refined characterization method for time-frequency ridgelines based on multi-scale basis CT

DING Jiakai1,2, WANG Yi1,2, MU Zhiguo3, ZHANG Guangyao1,2, LI Cheng1,2

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摘要

旋转机械在变工况下因局部故障和时变转速等激励影响下会产生非平稳振动信号，传统时频分析方法无法满足快时变与强调频的非平稳瞬态振动信号分析要求，由于传统调频变换(CT)在分析非平稳振动信号时其核函数无法跟随瞬时频率(IF)轨迹变化而变化，导致振动信号IF轨迹时频表征无法达到精细化程度。针对此类问题本文提出了一种多缩放基调频变换(MSBCT)时频分析方法，理论分析表明该方法可利用高阶相位算子将MSBCT方法核函数精确逼近IF轨迹，使得MSBCT算法可针对变转速工况下的IF轨迹得到精确的时频表征。由于噪声信号在时频域内的IF轨迹呈现出随机分布的特性，MSBCT方法由于高阶相位算子的存在可精确捕捉IF变化规律，故MSBCT可在一定程度上对噪声有抑制作用。本文通过仿真信号与变转速工况下轴承故障信号验证了所提出的MSBCT算法的有效性。结果表明，MSBCT算法能够非线性IF轨迹进行精细化表征，并通过与其他时频表征方法验证了其优势性。

Abstract

Rotating machinery will generate non-stationary vibration signals under the influence of local faults and time-varying speed under variable working conditions. The traditional time-frequency analysis method cannot meet the requirements of non-stationary transient vibration signal analysis with fast time-varying and emphasis frequency under variable working conditions. Because the kernel function of traditional chirp transform (CT) cannot follow the change of instantaneous frequency (IF) trajectory when analyzing non-stationary vibration signal, the time-frequency representation (TFR) of IF trajectory of vibration signal cannot reach the degree of refinement. A multi-scale basis Chirplet transform (MSBCT) method is proposed to solve aforementioned problems in this paper, which utilizes high-order phase operator to approximate the IF trajectory accurately, so that the MSBCT algorithm can obtain accurate TFR for the IF trajectory under variable speed conditions. Due to the random distribution of the IF trajectory of the noise signal in the time-frequency domain, MSBCT method can accurately capture the IF variation rule due to the existence of higher-order phase operator, so MSBCT can suppress the noise to a certain extent. Simulation and experimental results show that the MSBCT algorithm can perform fine representation of nonlinear IF trajectory, and its superiority is verified by comparing with other TFR algorithms.

导出引用

丁嘉凯1,2，王义1,2，穆志国3，张光耀1,2，李城1, 2. 基于多缩放基调频变换的时频脊线精细化表征方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(19): 22-29

DING Jiakai1,2, WANG Yi1,2, MU Zhiguo3, ZHANG Guangyao1,2, LI Cheng1,2. A refined characterization method for time-frequency ridgelines based on multi-scale basis CT[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(19): 22-29

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