在民用与国防领域，装备或结构部件常常受到高加载率的重复冲击，即冲击疲劳问题。冲击疲劳试验装置是研究冲击疲劳问题的基础，文章提出一种分离式Hopkinson杆式冲击疲劳实验方法，首先通过真空系统使撞击弹复位，在加载过程中通过弹性约束对入射杆进行限位，最后利用电动推杆使透射杆和试样复位，以上过程通过PLC控制器控制。这种方法操作简易，能通过在杆上的信号采集实现冲击波的连续实时显示，并能改变撞击体几何构形以产生不同形状（梯形波、三角波或半正弦波）和不同加载率（8×105~3×106MPa/s）的冲击加载波，加载频率范围在0~0.5Hz。最后利用高强钢圆柱试样和含有工艺缺陷的增材制造316L不锈钢三点弯曲试样对试验方法进行了验证，证明此方法有效可靠。
Abstract
In both civilian and military fields, equipment or structural components are often subjected to repeated impacts with high loading rates, namely impact fatigue problems. The impact fatigue test device is the basis for studying the impact fatigue problems, therefore an impact fatigue test method based on the split Hopkinson bar is presented in this article, where the impact projectile is reset by vacuum system, the incident bar is limited by elastic restraint during the loading process, and the transmission bar and the specimen are reset by an electric push bar. The above process is controlled by the PLC controller. The continuous real-time display of waves through signal acquisition on the bar can be realized by this method which is easy to operate and can change the geometric configuration of the impact projectile to produce loading wave with different wave configurations (trapezoidal wave, triangle wave and half sine wave) and different loading rates (8×105~3×106MPa/s). Meanwhile, the loading frequency ranges from 0 to 0.5Hz. Finally, the applicability of the method is demonstrated in this paper with test results for high-strength steel cylindrical specimens and three-point-bending specimen processed by additive manufactured 316L stainless steel with process defects.
关键词
冲击疲劳 /
重复加载 /
Hopkinson杆 /
三点弯曲试样
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Key words
impact fatigue /
repeated loading /
Hopkinson bar /
three-point-bending specimen
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