主减齿轮系统是汽车变速器的重要传动部件，也是诱发箱体振动噪声的主要原因。为了准确预测内外动态激励下主减齿轮系统的振动特性，采用有限单元离散化建模方法，将箱体轴离散为轴段单元，建立其与输入、输出轴段单元、齿轮啮合单元和轴承单元耦合后的弯-扭-轴-摆全耦合动力学方程。模型综合考虑了箱体轴柔性、大重合度下斜齿轮时变啮合刚度以及静态传递误差激励的影响，并利用数值算法求解了系统的固有特性和振动响应特性。研究结果表明：计入箱体轴柔性后，系统的低阶固有频率略微降低，但增加了新的固有频率与振型；随着转速的增加，系统在主减齿轮啮合频率的1倍频和2倍频处出现了明显的阶次幅值，但其能量较小，当转速达到4 900 rpm时，系统出现明显的共振响应；外界载荷的增大主要在非共振区导致振动幅值的增加；当选取不同的端面重合度与轴向重合度组合时，或在一定范围内增大轴向重合度时，可有效降低斜齿轮时变啮合刚度的波动，改善共振点附近的振动位移幅值。
Abstract
The main reduction gear system is an important transmission component of an automobile transmission, and it is also the main cause of vibration and noise of the cabinet. In order to indicate the vibration characteristics of the main reduction system by the internal and external dynamic excitation, a bending-torsion-shaft-pendulum fully coupled kinetic equation is established by the finite element discretization modeling method which discrete the box-shaft into the shaft section and couple it with the input and output shaft section units, gear meshing unit and bearing unit. The box-shaft flexibility, the time-varying meshing stiffness of the helical gear with large coincidence and the static transmission error excitation is considered in the model and the numerical solution is adopted to get inherent characteristics and vibration response characteristics of the system. The research results show that the low-order natural frequency of the system is slightly reduced after the box-shaft flexibility is taken into account, but new natural frequencies and vibration modes are added. By the increase of the speed, there is an obvious order amplitude increase in 1 and 2 times meshing frequency, and an obvious resonance response is appeared when the speed reaches 4900rpm. The result also shows that the increase in external load mainly leads to the rise of the vibration amplitude in non-resonant zone. When the combination of different end-face contact degree and axial contact degree is selected, or the axial contact degree is increased within a certain range, the fluctuation of time-varying meshing stiffness of helical gear can be effectively reduced and the vibration displacement amplitude near the resonance point can be improved.
关键词
主减齿轮系统 /
时变啮合刚度 /
轴柔性 /
重合度 /
振动响应
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Key words
main reduction gear system /
time-varying mesh stiffness /
flexible shaft /
contact ratio /
vibration response
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