节段模型风洞试验作为研究桥梁结构的风致振动响应的主要手段，为了保证节段模型周围流场满足二元流动特性，需要设置二元端板减少端部效应，二元端板尺寸的设置以往大多依靠经验，缺乏定量依据，因此提出一种估算节段模型二元端板合理尺寸的方法。采用数值模拟计算试验断面的二维流场，得到断面不同位置无量纲动压差分布函数F(x,y)，同时引入修正系数K考虑位置距离对端部效应的影响，在此基础上得到参数P(x,y)，P(x,y)反映(x,y)位置处空气展向流动产生的三维绕流对模型气动力的影响。该值越大，端部绕流的影响越严重。由风洞试验和数值模拟结果得到模型宽度方向P值为10，模型高度方向P值为15时，所得到的端板尺寸即可有效抑制端部效应。由此值可以反算出二元端板的合理尺寸，并通过风洞试验检验了这种方法的有效性。本文的方法可以为定量确定二元端板的合理尺寸提供借鉴。
Abstract
In order to ensure the flow field around the segment model to meet the two-dimensional flow characteristics, it is necessary to set end plate to reduce the influence of the end effect. In the past, the setting of end plate size was mostly based on experience and lack of quantitative basis, Therefore, a method was proposed to estimate the reasonable size of the two-dimensional end plate of the segmental model. The two-dimensional flow field of the test section was calculated by numerical simulation, and the dimensionless dynamic pressure difference distribution function F(x,y) at different positions of the section was obtained. At the same time, the correction coefficient K was introduced to consider the influence of position spacing on the end effect. On this basis, the parameters P(x,y) which effected the influence of the three-dimensional flow around the (x,y) position on the aerodynamic force of the model was proposed. The larger the value is, the more serious the influence of end flow is. According to the results of wind tunnel test and numerical simulation, when the width direction of the model is 10 and the height direction of the model is 15, the size of the end plate can ensure that the end effect is completely eliminated. From this value, the reasonable size of the end plate can be calculated. The effectiveness of this method is verified by wind tunnel test. The method in this paper can provide a reference for the quantitative determination of the reasonable size of the binary end plate.
关键词
桥梁工程 /
风洞试验 /
CFD /
节段模型 /
二元端板 /
端部效应
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