在严寒地区，由于动车组车体及轨旁设备积雪、融冰，列车速度在低于 200 km/h 的情况下也会发生冰雪飞溅现象，影响高速铁路运营安全。在我国某有砟高铁首次开展了冰雪条件下有砟轨道空气动力学及行车动力性能试验，主要结论有：（1）行车安全性指标有较大的安全余量，但冰雪条件下有一定增长，增幅最高为155.1%。隧道口的脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力较大。（2）钢轨、轨枕及道床的垂向振动加速度均在安全限值内，但雪天增幅明显，最高为晴天的22.8倍。桥上轨道振动加速度较大，在冰雪风场作用下易发生道砟飞溅。（3）道心、枕底及砟肩风压随车速增加而增大，在冰雪条件下有小幅度的提升，增幅最高为48.5%，导致道砟及冰雪颗粒更易飞起。隧道口道心风压远超其他测点，在风振耦合作用下最容易发生道砟飞溅。（4）在晴天未观察到道砟飞溅，雪天则出现明显的积雪飞起。建议在隧道口等风振耦合效应明显的区段采取相应措施防止冰雪飞溅。
Abstract
In severe cold areas, due to snow accumulation and melting of the car body and trackside equipment, high-speed trains will also experience ballast flying when the speed is less than 200 km/h, which will affect the safety of high-speed railway operation. Aerodynamic and track dynamic tests under snow conditions were carried out for the first time on a ballasted high-speed railway in China, and the main conclusions were as follows: 1. The driving safety index has a large safety margin, but it has a certain increase under snow conditions, with the maximum increase of 155.1%. Derailment coefficient, wheel load reduction rate and axle lateral force at the tunnel entrance are larger than other test points. 2. The maximum vertical vibration acceleration of rail, sleeper and track bed are all within the safety limit, but the increase is obvious in snowy days, and the maximum is 22.8 times of that in sunny days. The vibration acceleration in the bridge section is larger, and the ballast flying is easy to occur under the action of the snow wind field. 3.The wind pressure of the track center, sleeper bottom and ballast shoulder increase with the vehicle speed, with the maximum increase of 48.5% under snow condition, which makes the ballast and snow particles easier to fly up. The wind pressure of the track center at the tunnel entrance is far higher than that of other test points, and ballast flying is most likely to occur under the wind vibration coupling. 4. No ballast flying is observed in sunny days, while in snowy days, there is obvious snow flying. It is suggested to take corresponding measures to prevent snow splashing in areas with obvious wind vibration coupling effects, such as tunnel entrances.
关键词
高速铁路 /
冰雪飞溅 /
现场试验 /
有砟轨道 /
道砟飞溅
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Key words
high speed railway /
snow flying /
field test /
ballast track /
ballast flying
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