在振动台试验中，摄影测量所得数据中的噪声会造成测量误差，过大的噪声会导致测量数据无法合理反映模型结构在模拟地震激励下的动力反应。本文针对振动台试验中摄影测量的位移噪声以及相关影响展开研究，通过对摄影测量的噪声数据进行分析，获得了该噪声信号的基本统计参数与低频段的显著分布范围（0～5 Hz）。在此基础之上，根据噪声信号的方差与标准差对位移、速度、加速度以及层间位移角四种结构反应的测量误差进行估计，推导结果表明：在有限差分法所得速度与加速度结果中，噪声的标准差被分别放大了f_s倍与f_s^2倍（f_s为采样频率）。最后，结合常用的振动台试验参数，对摄影测量位移噪声的范围给出限值要求，为振动台试验选择合适的测量方式提供参考依据与技术指标。
Abstract
In shaking table tests, the noise embedded in the experimental data obtained using photogrammetry inevitably causes error. Structural performance cannot be fully and correctly reflected by the heavily noise-contaminated experimental data. By analyzing the displacement noise caused by photogrammetry, it was found that the dominant frequency distribution of the noise ranges over 0～5 Hz. Also, the statistical parameters of the noise were calculated. Accordingly, the variance and standard deviation of the noise signals were utilized to assess the measurement errors in displacement, velocity, acceleration and interstory-drift ratio responses. The derivation results elucidate that the finite difference method significantly magnifies velocity results f_s times and acceleration results f_s^2 times, respectively, where f_s is the sample frequency. At last, the limits for displacement noise in photogrammetry are suggested, considering the critical parameters commonly used in shaking table tests.
关键词
噪声 /
误差分析 /
层间位移角 /
加速度 /
振动台试验 /
摄影测量
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Key words
noise /
error analysis /
interstory drift ratio /
acceleration /
shaking table test /
photogrammetry
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