轮对柔性、旋转陀螺效应及其约束弹性是准确评估高速运行环境下动力轮对转子系统振动特性的关键。为此，本文系统开展了轮轨接触弹性约束下典型高速列车动力轮对转子系统的弯曲-扭转-轴向振动特性研究。首先，采用铁木辛柯柔性梁转子有限元理论建立了高速列车动力轮对转子系统的弯扭轴动力学方程，并分别采用刚度影响系数法和能量法推导了一种可以反映等效圆锥车轮踏面与钢轨接触特性的线性化轮轨接触单元；然后，编制了相应的MATLAB计算程序，并与建立的等效ANSYS模型作对比，验证了自编程序的正确性；其次，基于自编程序设计了四种模态模型，即弯曲模型、弯扭模型、弯轴模型和弯扭轴模型，详细对比分析了四种模型振动特性的异同和参数影响规律；最后，讨论了几种典型外部激励下动力轮对转子系统的共振稳定性。结果表明：（1）弯扭轴模型的模态结果能够涵盖其他三种模型的所有模态信息，且模态数据保持一致；（2）由轮轨接触刚度导致的轮对约束弹性（即支承刚度）在纵向和垂向差异显著，使得轮对转子系统的一阶和二阶正涡动弯曲模态推迟出现在更高阶固有频率段，且相应的涡动轨迹呈现明显的扁平状；（3）所讨论的典型外部激励中存在较多的能够诱发动力轮对转子系统发生共振的激励频率，尤是车轮损伤故障激励。
Abstract
Wheelset’s flexibility, gyroscopic effect, and constraint elasticity are the key to accurately evaluate the vibration characteristics of power wheelset rotor system in high-speed operation environment. To this end, the bending-torsion-axial vibration characteristics of the power wheelset rotor system in a typical high-speed train are systematically studied under wheel-rail contact elastic constraints. First of all, the bending-torsional-axial dynamic equation of power wheelset rotor system is established by the finite element theory of Timoshenko flexible beam rotor. And a linearized wheel-rail contact element which can reflect the contact characteristics between equivalent conical wheel tread and rail is derived by the stiffness influence coefficient method and energy method respectively. Then, the corresponding MATLAB codes are programmed and verified by comparing with the established equivalent ANSYS model. Next, four modal models, namely bending model, bending-torsional model, bending-axial model and bending-torsional-axial model are designed with the self-programming program. And the similarities and differences of vibration characteristics and the influence law of parameters of the four models are discussed in detail. Finally, the possible resonance stability problems of power wheelset rotor system induced by some typical external excitations are also discussed. Results show that: (1) The modal results of bending-torsional-axial model can contain all the results of the other three models, and their modal data is agree well with each other; (2) The constraint elasticity (that is, the support stiffness) of the wheelset is significantly different in the longitudinal and vertical directions due to the consideration of the wheel-rail contact stiffness, so that the first-order and second-order forward-whirling bending modes of wheelset rotor system are delayed to appear in the higher natural frequency domain, and the whirling orbits of the corresponding bending modes are obviously flat; (3) Among the discussed typical external excitations, there are many excitation frequencies which can cause the resonance of the power wheelset rotor system, especially the wheel damage excitation.
关键词
动力轮对 /
转子系统 /
有限元 /
弯扭轴模态 /
轮轨接触弹性
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Key words
power wheelset /
rotor system /
finite element /
bending-torsional-axial mode /
wheel-rail contact elasticity
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