采用覆铜聚酰亚胺膜和聚合物导电带封装制备了两种聚偏氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride，PVDF)薄膜压力计柔性覆铜聚酰亚胺薄膜（flexible copper-clad polyimide film，FCP）和聚合物导电带（conductive polymer tap，CPT），基于分离式霍普金森压杆标定实验和细观数值模拟研究了两种压力计的几何和材料因素对传感器测量性能的影响。结果表明在20-320MPa压力范围内，FCP和CPT的拟合灵敏度分别为33.1±0.3pC/N和35.1±0.6pC/N，50MPa压力范围内CPT测量稳定性优于FCP，但较大的封装厚度和聚合物电极导致应力脉冲幅值衰减、脉宽增大。CPT冲击压缩时存在明显的应变率效应，而FCP由于胶层和电极层材料失效，应力应变曲线存在显著的非线性分段特征。数值模拟结果表明压力计芯层和敏感元件间的厚度和材料性质失谐会对敏感元件上的应力脉冲产生较大影响，其中芯层突出造成的误差最大。封装厚度越小、加载强度越高，压力计越趋向于三向受压的一维应变状态，电荷输出由三向应力状态和压电系数矩阵共同决定。实验标定灵敏度与元件应力状态、封装材料力学性质失配、层间几何缺陷以及材料应变率效应等因素相关，压力计使用时需根据测量环境和应力脉冲特征进行封装和标定。
Abstract
Two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based pressure gauges were prepared using flexible copper-clad polyimide film and conductive polymer tap as the packaging layer, marked flexible copper-clad polyimide film（FCP） and conductive polymer tap（CPT）, respectively. The calibration experiments of sensitive coefficient were performed based on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The influence of the several structural geometry factors and material properties on measuring performance of two pressure gauges were studied through mesoscopic finite element simulation. The results shown that the fitted sensitivity coefficient for FCP and CPT gauges were 33.1±0.3pC/N and 35.1±0.6pC/N in the stress range of 20-320MPa, respectively. CPT has higher measuring confidence than FCP when the pressure was below 50MPa, but CPT also show the amplitude attenuation and pulse width increase because of high packaging thickness and the viscosity of the polymer conducting layer. Dynamic compression of CPT shown significant strain rate sensitivity, while the dynamic stress-strain response of FCP displayed typical nonlinear piecewise features due to the mechanical failure of the conductive and glue layers. Numerical simulation indicated that the mismatch of thickness and material properties between the core and the sensitive element both influenced the stress pulse of the pressure gauge, and the measuring error caused by the raised core was largest. Besides, it was found that the stress state of sensitive element (SE) was more approximate to the one-dimensional strain state with the increase of loading amplitude and the decrease of the packaging thickness. The charge output of SE was synthetically determined by triaxial stress and piezoelectric coefficients. The nominal sensitivity calibrated by SHPB tests was closely related to the stress state of SE, mismatch of material properties between core and SE, geometric defects and the strain rate effect. Therefore, it was suggested that the package and calibration of pressure gauge should be according to the measuring condition and the stress pulse characteristics.
关键词
聚偏氟乙烯 /
压力计 /
应力状态 /
灵敏度系数 /
应变率敏感性
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Key words
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) /
pressure gauge, stress state, sensitivity coefficient, strain rate sensitivity
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