基于频率变化的有载桥梁模态振型识别改进方法

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振动与冲击 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9) : 189-196.

论文

何卫1，何珂文1，王国波2

作者信息 +

An improved method for modal shape identification of loaded bridges based on frequency variation

HE Wei1, HE Kewen1, WANG Guobo2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

车辆静置法识别桥梁振型克服了车辆移动扫描方法中路面不平顺激励难以消除的局限，大大改善了振型识别精度。该方法本质上是利用车辆停放位置不同时桥梁频率的变化进行振型识别。因此，对静置车辆-桥梁系统频率的准确估计是保证振型识别精度的关键所在。首先考虑车辆悬挂特性，推导了静止车辆-桥梁耦合系统方程，获得了有载桥梁的耦合系统频率解析式；在此基础上，提出基于频率变化的有载桥梁振型识别改进方法，并通过数值算例和模型试验对其进行验证；进一步分析了不同车体简化方法（附加质量模型与质量-弹簧模型）对桥梁频率及振型识别结果的影响；最后讨论了静置车辆-桥梁耦合系统频率的影响因素。结果表明：本文提出的改进方法较附加质量法相比有更好的振型识别精度，且可准确预测有载桥梁频率的变化；静置车辆-桥梁耦合系统的频率总是成对出现，耦合系统频率的变化与车/桥频率比、车/桥质量比以及车辆停放位置有关，且对车/桥频率比最为敏感。研究思路不仅适用于公路桥梁的振型识别，还可扩展到利用静止人群进行人行桥或轻柔楼盖的振型识别。

Abstract

Using a parked vehicle to identify the bridge modal shapes has greatly improved the resolution compared with the vehicle-scanning method (VSM) since it can overcome the influence of road roughness introduced by the VSM itself. The method basically employs the variation of bridge frequencies parked by vehicle with different locations. An accurate estimation of parked vehicle-bridge system plays a key role in the resolution of the structural mode shapes. The motion equation of a parked vehicle-bridge coupled system is firstly developed and the closed-form solutions of coupled frequencies are obtained. Secondly, an improved method for modal shape identification of bridges based on frequency variation is proposed and verified based on both numerical examples and laboratory model experiments. Thirdly, bridge frequencies and modal shapes estimated using different vehicle models, namely, the spring-mass model and the lump mass model, are compared. Finally, the potential influence factors which affect the frequencies of the couple system are further discussed. It is shown that the proposed method has better performance in modal shape identification compared with the lump mass method. Besides, it can provide accurate estimates of the bridge frequencies with parked vehicles. The frequencies of the parked vehicle-bridge systems always occur in pair. The frequency ratio of vehicle to bridge, the mass ratio and the vehicle location all contributes to the variation of bridge frequencies, among which the frequency ratio is the most sensitive index. The research method presented in this paper is not only applicable for highway bridges, but also can be used for the modal shape identification of footbridges and large-span floors using stationary pedestrians.

导出引用

何卫1，何珂文1，王国波2. 基于频率变化的有载桥梁模态振型识别改进方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(9): 189-196

HE Wei1, HE Kewen1, WANG Guobo2. An improved method for modal shape identification of loaded bridges based on frequency variation[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(9): 189-196

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