与传统隔震支座相比，形状记忆合金（shape memory alloys，SMA）隔震支座能够提升结构的自复位和耗能能力。然而过早介入的SMA可能会增加中、小震时上部结构的内力和加速度响应。为解决这一问题，在SMA隔震支座中引入间隙形成间隙式SMA隔震支座(gap-SMA isolation bearing)，以满足不同设防目标的隔震需求。首先，提出了间隙式SMA支座的物理构造形式，并开展了SMA丝循环拉伸试验；随后，以两自由度的框架结构简化模型为例，探讨间隙长度以及SMA屈服力对隔震效果的影响；最后，旨在降低大震、巨震下间隙式SMA隔震支座的内力与加速度响应，进一步引入负刚度机制改进间隙式SMA隔震体系，并探究了负刚度-间隙式SMA支座隔震的可行性。计算结果显示，间隙式SMA隔震支座可以有效降低中、小震时上部结构的内力与加速度响应；上部结构加速度响应与间隙长度负相关，与SMA屈服力正相关；下部结构位移响应与间隙长度正相关，与SMA屈服力负相关。引入负刚度后，间隙式SMA支座可在有效控制大震或巨震下支座位移响应的同时，显著减小上部结构内力与加速度响应。

Compared with the conventional seismic isolation bearing, shape memory alloys（SMA） isolation bearing improves the self-centering and energy dissipation ability of the structure. However, premature intervention of SMA may increase the internal force and acceleration response of the superstructure during moderate and small earthquakes. In order to solve this problem, introducing gap into SMA isolation bearings, such composite device meets different performance requirements. Firstly, the configuration of gap-SMA bearing was proposed, and physical tests on SMA wires were conducted; afterwards, a two-degree-of-freedom model of a base-isolated building was used as a test bed, where the effects of gap length and SMA yield force on shock absorption were discussed; last, aim at reducing the internal force and acceleration response of the gap-SMA isolation bearing under large earthquakes or giant earthquakes, negative stiffness mechanism is further introduced to gap-SMA isolation system, followed by the feasibility analysis of combination negative stiffness with gap-SMA friction pendulum system. The results show that gap-SMA isolation bearing can effectively reduce the internal force and acceleration response of the superstructure under medium and small earthquakes; the acceleration response of the superstructure is negatively correlated with gap length and positively correlated with SMA yield force; the displacement response of the substructure is positively correlated with gap length and negatively correlated with SMA yield force. Incorporating with negative stiffness, gap-SMA bearing can control the displacement of the substructure and reduce the internal force of the structure simultaneously.