基于GRU神经网络的结构异常监测数据修复方法

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振动与冲击 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9) : 328-338.

论文

鞠翰文1，邓扬1,2，李爱群1,2

作者信息 +

Restoring method of structural abnormal monitoring data based on GRU neural network

JU Hanwen1, DENG Yang1,2, LI Aiqun1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

结构健康监测系统中通常存在大量的异常监测数据，为保证数据的完整性和可用性，有必要对异常监测数据进行修复。大多数基于深度学习对异常数据进行修复的研究通常使用单输入维度和单向预测的方法搭建模型。本文提出一种基于门控循环(gated recurrent unit，GRU)神经网络的结构异常监测数据修复方法，该方法充分利用深度学习神经网络适合处理复杂非线性映射问题的优势，并对GRU神经网络进行了优化与重构。利用结构温度、时序先后相关性优化神经网络的输入和输出构造，并提出了利用异常数据前后时间段的信息进行双向序列预测的方法提升数据预测和修复精度。最后，利用某古城墙的应变、裂缝与温度监测数据进行方法验证，采用重构后的GRU神经网络模型对异常数据序列进行修复，并与长短时记忆(long and short-term memory ，LSTM)神经网络和反向传播(back propagation，BP)神经网络的修复精度进行比较。结果表明：相比单输入维度、单向预测的网络模型，重构后的GRU神经网络的预测精度大幅提高，且显著优于LSTM神经网络和BP神经网络。异常数据序列修复后，应变和裂缝宽度等结构响应与结构温度的线性相关性大幅增强。该方法对具有温度相关性的结构监测数据具有良好的修复能力。

Abstract

There are usually a large number of anomaly monitoring data in structural health monitoring systems. To ensure the integrity and practicability of data, it is necessary to restore anomaly monitoring data. Most studies on restoring anomaly data based on deep learning usually used single input dimension and unidirectional prediction to build models. This paper proposed a restoration method of structural anomaly monitoring data based on a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network. The advantage of deep learning neural network to deal with the complex nonlinear mapping problem was fully utilized in this method by optimizing and reconstructing GRU neural network. The configurations of input and output of neural network were optimized by using the correlations of temperature and time series. Meanwhile a bidirectional sequence prediction method by using the information before and after anomaly data sequences was proposed to improve the prediction and restoration accuracy. At last, the proposed method was verified based on the strain, crack, and temperature monitoring data of an ancient city wall. The reconstructed GRU neural network model was used to restore the anomaly data sequences, and the restoration accuracy was compared with Long and Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network and Back Propagation (BP) neural network. The results show that compared with the neural network model of single input dimension and unidirectional prediction, the reconstructed GRU neural network has better prediction accuracy. And the prediction accuracy of the reconstructed GRU neural network is also significantly better than that of LSTM neural network and BP neural network. After anomaly data sequences are restored, the linear correlation of structural temperature and responses including strain and crack width gets greatly enhanced. The proposed method has a great ability to restore structural monitoring data with temperature correlation.

导出引用

鞠翰文1，邓扬1,2，李爱群1,2. 基于GRU神经网络的结构异常监测数据修复方法[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(9): 328-338

JU Hanwen1, DENG Yang1,2, LI Aiqun1,2. Restoring method of structural abnormal monitoring data based on GRU neural network[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2023, 42(9): 328-338

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