在导弹系统中，发动机及火工品产生的振动和冲击会严重影响战斗部的打击精度和可靠性。采取有效的减振隔冲措施至关重要。声学黑洞（ABH: Acoustic Black Hole）作为一种新型的波操纵技术，利用结构阻抗的变化，使结构中传播的波相速度和群速度发生变化，在结构局部区域实现波的聚集，借助少量阻尼即可高效地将能量耗损。该方法具有高效、轻质、宽频等优点，为结构动力学控制提供了新的思路，具有较强的潜能和应用前景。本文针对导弹系统的振动冲击问题，提出了基于ABH效应的级间减振隔冲环（简称：ABH环）设计方案，以提高装备的打击精度及任务可靠性。运用有限元仿真方法研究了ABH环的动态特性，分析表明其具有良好的能量转移与耗散能力。建立了ABH环结构-战斗部模拟模型，通过模拟飞行过程的随机振动以及级间分离等冲击作用，对系统响应特性进行了分析并评估抑制效果。结果表明，所提ABH环应对复杂动载荷工况时具有较好的减振隔冲效果：降低幅值增加衰减速率。该研究既为导弹减振隔冲提供了思路，又有效扩宽了声学黑洞新技术的应用范围。
Abstract
In the missile system, the vibration and impact produced by the engine and pyrotechnics will seriously affect the accuracy and reliability of the warhead, so it is significant to take effective measures to reduce the vibration and isolate the impact. Acoustic black hole (ABH) effect allows altering the phase velocity and group velocity of the wave propagation in a structure by changing the impedance. As a result, the wave is concentrated in the local area of the structure, and energy is efficiently dissipated by a little damping. The ABH with the advantages of high efficiency, light weight, wide frequency, which provides a new idea for structural dynamics control, and has the strong potential and application prospects. In this paper, with the aim of vibration suppression and shock isolation in multistage missile, a kind of structural design schemes (ABH ring) based on the ABH effect are presented to ensure the accuracy and reliability. The dynamics characteristics of ABH ring are analyzed by using the finite element method. It can be seen that the ABH ring has good characteristics about transfer and consumption of energy. The simulation model of ABH ring-warhead is established. By simulating the impact of random vibration and stage separation during flight, the system response characteristics are analyzed and suppression effect is evaluated. The results show that the proposed ABH ring has a good effect of vibration suppression and shock isolation under complex dynamic load: reducing the amplitude and increasing the attenuation rate. This research not only provides ideas for missile vibration reduction and shock isolation, but also effectively broadens the application of ABH new technology.
关键词
导弹 /
声学黑洞 /
振动冲击 /
减振隔冲
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Key words
missile /
acoustic black hole /
vibration shock /
vibration suppression and shock isolation
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参考文献
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