由于温度荷载等环境因素的综合作用，大跨度高铁桥梁的复杂变形使得桥上轨道不平顺控制成为难题。鉴于温度变形是影响桥梁垂向变形的最关键因素，为厘清千米跨度高铁桥梁的桥梁温度变形与实际轨道变形关系，方便养护维修人员快速测算线路轨道不平顺实际情况，提出了小波重构-凝聚层次聚类算法来确定不同温度条件下桥梁温度变形。首先，以我国某千米跨度高铁斜拉桥不同温度条件下的轨道不平顺静态检测数据作为样本函数，采用小波变换进行时频特征分析，得到了各温度条件下的桥梁变形；其次，通过凝聚层次聚类分析将不同温度下的桥梁温度变形分为4类，确定了以10阶多项式拟合桥梁温度变形的各项拟合系数；最后，提出实际轨道不平顺即为实测垂向偏差数据与拟合桥梁温度变形间的差值，并对此进行了相关性验证。结果表明：提出的实际轨道不平顺与实测轨道不平顺数据在现行规范要求的10m中点弦测值、30m矢距差值与60m中点弦测值的时域相关性分别介于0.9980~0.9995、0.9860~0.9966、0.9123~0.9568，且时域波形基本吻合；频域上，不同测量结果频谱图上各频率对应谱密度值基本相同，相干函数在各频率上均介于0.9~1之间，实测结果与拟合结果具有极强的相似性。证明该拟合方法有效，对应得到的实际轨道不平顺可以作为现场养护维修作业的依据。
Abstract
Due to the combined effects of temperature loads and other environmental factors, the complex deformation of long-span high-speed railway bridges poses a challenge for the control of track irregularities on the bridge. Given that temperature deformation is the most crucial factor influencing the vertical deformation of the bridges, to clarify the relationship between bridge temperature deformation and actual track deformations, and to facilitate quick calculation of track irregularities for maintenance and repair personnel, a wavelet reconstruction-conglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm is proposed to determine the bridge temperature deformations under different temperature conditions. Firstly, using the static detection data of track irregularities under different temperature conditions of a kilometer-span high-speed railway cable-stayed bridge in China as the sample function, wavelet transform is utilized for time-frequency feature analysis, resulting in the bridge deformations under various temperature conditions. Secondly, through agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, the bridge temperature deformations under different temperatures are categorized into four classes, and the fitting coefficients of a 10th-order polynomial for representing the bridge temperature deformations are determined. Finally, the actual track irregularities are defined as the discrepancy between the measured vertical deviation data and the fitted bridge temperature deformations, with their correlation being validated. The results demonstrate that the proposed actual track irregularities exhibit temporal correlations with the measured track irregularity data in the 10m mid-span chord measurement, 30m Vector Length Difference, and 60m mid-span chord measurement, ranging from 0.9980 to 0.9995, 0.9860 to 0.9966, and 0.9123 to 0.9568, respectively. Moreover, the waveforms in the time domain exhibit a good match；In the frequency domain, thecorresponding spectral density values of each frequency on the spectrum of different measurement results are basically the same, and the coherence function is between 0.9 and 1 at each frequency. The measured results are very similar to the fitting results. confirming the effectiveness of the fitting method, providing a basis for on-site maintenance and repair operations.
关键词
大跨桥 /
轨道不平顺 /
温度变形 /
小波重构 /
线形拟合
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Key words
long-span bridge /
track irregularity /
temperature deformation /
wavelet-reconstructed /
linear fitting
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